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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_____ are the fundamental units of all living things.
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cells
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Using metric units, give the range of sizes most plant and animal cells fall in.
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10 - 100 µm
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The _____ _____ (outer membrane) marks the boundary between the outside and inside and regulates what enters and exits cells.
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plasma membrane
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What carries on chemical reactions inside the cell.
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cytoplasm
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The concepts that all organisms are composed of cells, and that cells come only from preexisting cells, are the two central tenets (principles) of the _____ _____.
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cell theory
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_____ cells lack a membrane-bounded nucleus.
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prokaryotic
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_____ cells have a membrane-bounded nucleus.
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eukaryotic
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What does the nucleoid hold?
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DNA
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Where is the DNA located in a eukaryotic cell?
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nucleus
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Scientists believe that Bacteria and Archaea, which are prokaryotic cells, were the first . . .
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cells on Earth.
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Why are prokaryotic cells smaller than eukaryotic cells?
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absence of a nucleus
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The _____ _____ maintains the shape of the cell.
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cell wall
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Label the structure.
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capsule
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Label the structure.
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nucleoid
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What do ribosomes synthesize?
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proteins
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Label the structure.
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ribosome
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What structure allows bacteria to propel themselves?
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flagella
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Label the structure.
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flagellum
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Label the structure.
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fimbriae
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Fimbriae don't have anything to do with motility, but they do help bacteria . . .
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attach to a surface.
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What do bacteria use conjugation pili for?
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passing DNA from cell to cell
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Label the structure.
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conjugation pilus
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Label the yellow box. (Hint: this is a general structural reference.)
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phospholipid bilayer
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Label the yellow boxes as polar or non-polar.
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polar
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Label the yellow boxes as hydrophilic or hydrophobic
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hydrophilic
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Label the yellow box as polar or non-polar.
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non-polar
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Label the yellow box as hydrophilic or hydrophobic.
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hydrophobic
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In animal cells (versus plant cells), waxy cholesterol molecules give _____ to the plasma membrane.
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support
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Label the yellow box.
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cholesterol
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Label the yellow box.
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carbohydrate chain
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Label the yellow box.
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glycoprotein
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_____ proteins from a tunnel across the entire membrane that allows only one or a few types of specific molecules to simply move across the membrane.
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channel
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_____ are specific types of channel proteins that allow water to enter or exit a cell.
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aquaporins
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What specific type of plasma membrane protein does this diagram represent?
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channel protein
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Transport proteins often _____ with a substance in order to help it move across the plasma membrane.
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combine
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The combination of the transport protein and the substance it is helping move across the membrane requires an expenditure of _____.
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energy
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The membrane proteins represented in green in this diagram are _____ proteins.
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transport
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What is the key difference in how channel proteins and transport proteins allow movement of substances across the membrane?
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transport requires energy; channel requires no energy
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Cell recognition proteins allow our cells to identify _____ (microorganisms).
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pathogens
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This diagram represents what specific type of membrane protein?
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cell recognition protein
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A _____ protein has a shape that allows a signal molecule to bind to it.
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receptor
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The binding of a signal molecule causes the receptor protein to _____ its shape.
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change
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What type of membrane protein is this? (Hint: the "notch" at the top is where the signal molecule attaches.)
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receptor protein
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Some plasma membrane proteins are _____ proteins that directly participate in metabolic reactions.
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enzymatic
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This diagram represents what specific type of membrane protein?
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enzymatic proteins
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Junction proteins are involved in forming various types of _____ between cells.
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linkages
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The purple protein represents a _____ protein. (Note: there are two cells in this image.)
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junction protein
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