4-Perineum

Front 1

Where is the perineum located?

Back 1

between upper thighs, from pubic symphysis to the tip of the coccyx

Front 2

What binds the perineum laterally?

Back 2

ischial tuberosities

Front 3

What binds the perineum posteriolaterally?

Back 3

sacrotuberal ligament attaching the sacrum to the ischial tuberosites

Front 4

What is the alternative definition of the perineum used by obsterticians?

Back 4

space limited between the vagina and anus

Front 5

What two non-parallel triangles is the perineum divided into?

Back 5

urogenital and anal triangles

Front 6

What separates the urogenital and anal triangles?

Back 6

a transverse line between the ischial tuberosities

Front 7

What is the supporting striated muscle and connective tissue membrane called that stretches between the bony elements of the urogenital triangle?

Back 7

perineal membrane or inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm

Front 8

What is the CT membrane that attches laterally to the ischial tuberosities, ischial rami, and inferior pubic rami?

Back 8

perineal membrane (inferior fascia of urogenital diaphragm)

Front 9

Name the 2 spaces that the perineal membrane creates.

Back 9

superficial and deep spaces

Front 10

What is located superficial to the perineal membrane?

Back 10

erectile tissue and muscles of the external genitalia

Front 11

What is located deep to the perineal membrane?

Back 11

striated muscle of urethra and deep transverse perineal muscle that supports the free edge of the perineal membrane

Front 12

Where is the perineal body located?

Back 12

lies in midline immediately behind the free edge of the perineal membrane

Front 13

The integrity of the perineal body is essential for the integrity of _____.

Back 13

anal sphincter

Front 14

The superficial membranous fascia (Colle's fascia) attaches to what? What does this form?

Back 14

free edge of the perineal membrane
superficial perineal space

Front 15

What are the boundaries of the superficial perineal space?

Back 15

laterally-fascia lata of thigh
anteriolaterally-inguinal ligament
superiorly-fuses w/ dep fascia of external oblique and rectus abdominis about 1/2 way between pubic symphysis and umbilicus

Front 16

Where might a straddle injury bleed into?

Back 16

superficial perineal space

Front 17

Name the tissue layers of the urogenital triangle from superficial to deep.

Back 17

skin, subcutaneous tissue, superficial membranous fascia, investing fascia, external genitalia erectile tissue and muscles, perineal membrane, external urethral sphincter muscles, fat, superficial fascia of pelvic diaphragm

Front 18

What are the 3 parts of the superficial membranous fascia?

Back 18

Scarpa's, Dartos and Colle's fascia

Front 19

What does Scarpa's fascia cover?

Back 19

anterior abdominal wall

Front 20

What does Dartos fascia cover?

Back 20

penis and scrotum

Front 21

What is Colle's fascia located?

Back 21

in males-posterior to scrotum
females-???

Front 22

Name the erectile tissue in females? males?

Back 22

f-vestibular bulbs
m-corpus spongiosum and bulb

Front 23

What is present in the female external genitalia erectile tissue and muscle layer that is not in men?

Back 23

Greater Vestibular (Bartholin's) glands

Front 24

Name what is present in the external genitalia erectile tissue and muscle layer.

Back 24

bulbospongiosus muscle, erectile tissue, ishiocavernosus muscles on crus of clitoris or penis, superficial transverse perineal muscles, branches of internal pudendal vessels
in females only Greater Vestibular (Bartholin's) glands

Front 25

What tissue layers make up the superficial perineal space?

Back 25

investing fascia and external genitalia erectile tissue and muscle

Front 26

What tissue layers make up the deep perineal space?

Back 26

external urethral sphincter muscles and fat

Front 27

What muscles comprise the external urethral sphincter muscles?

Back 27

urethral sphincter, compressor urethra and deep transverse perineal muscles

Front 28

What forms the superficial fascia of the pelvic diaphragm?

Back 28

levator ani and coccygeus muscles

Front 29

What forms the roof of the deep perineal space?

Back 29

inferior epimysium

Front 30

What forms the anal triangle?

Back 30

ischial tuberosities and tip of cocyx

Front 31

What occurs w/ the rectum passing through the levator ani muscle?

Back 31

causes change in muscle fiber direction creating the puborectalis portion of the levator ani muscle

Front 32

What does the puborectalis muscle form? What is its function?

Back 32

puborectal sling
helps keep fecal continence, relieves pressure on anal sphincters

Front 33

What are the 3 parts of the external anal sphincter muscle? Which of these are skeletal muscle? smooth?

Back 33

deep external, superficial external and subcutaneous external sphincters
all are skeletal muscle

Front 34

What innervates the external anal sphincter? What does this nerve branch from?

Back 34

S4, inferior rectal nerve a branch off the internal pudendal nerve

Front 35

Is the internal anal sphincter above or below the pectinate line?

Back 35

above

Front 36

What inntervates the internal anal sphincter? What type of sensations can be felt here? What does that mean for hemrroids?

Back 36

PSNS from the pelvic splanchnic nerves
stretch only, no temperature
internal hemrooids may be painless

Front 37

Why do fluids normally not move from the superficial perineal space to the deep perineal space?

Back 37

b/c of the attachment of the superficial membrane fascia to the free (posterior) edge of the perineal membrane