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52 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
mitral stenosis is usually due to
chronic rheumatic valvular disease
acute rheumatic fever is a systemic diesase which follows a _____
group A beta strep. pharyngitis
the myocarditis produced by rheumatic fever is characterized by
Aschoff bodies
what are aschoff bodies
collections of mononuclear inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in mitral stenosis from RF
mitral stenosis is thought to be caused by
production of antibodies against the strep bacteria which cross react with antigens in the heart, joints, etc
mitral valve regurgitation ...valve balloons back into the
left atrium
mild mitral valve prolapse occurs in
5-10% of population
severe mitral valve prolapse is also called
floppy mitral valve
floppy mitral valve can also be caused by
marfan's syndrome
what are the different valvular diseases
mitral stenosis
mitral regurgitation
aortic valve stenosis
aortic valve regurgitation
infectious endocarditis
the mitral valve is which valve
left av valve
aortic valve is which one
leading from left vent to aorta
causes of aortic valve stenosis
chronic rheumatic valvular disease (in this case the mitral valve is almost always stenotic too)
older age (over 65)
if valve is bicuspid instead of having 3
bicuspid aortic valves are a genetic deformity and these start calcification and fibrosis at age...
40
what usually causes infectious endocarditis
bacterial infection in heart valve (but can also be caused by fungus or other infection)
predisposing factors for infectious endocarditis
abnormal heart valves
prosthetic valves
IV drug use
intracardiac shunts
immunosuppression
3 factors of pathogenesis of infectious endocarditis
endocardial or endothelial INJURY due to abnormal blood flow
fibrin THROMBI
ORGANISMS in blood
clinical manifestations of endocarditis
fever
heart murmur
fatigue
anemia
arthralgia
myalgia
Roth spots (retina hemorrhages)
complications of endocarditis
rupture of chordae tendinae
spread of infection into myocardium or aorta
thromboembolism with infarction
septic thrombi with metastatic abscesses
valvular dysfunction and CHF
acute endocarditis
short duration
virulent organism (S. aureus)
large vegetations
previously normal valve
tissue destruction
subacute endocarditis
longer duration
low virulence organism (S. viridans)
small vegetations
previously abnormal valve
less tissue destruction
causes of vasculitis
infection
trauma
toxins
caustic substances
ratiation
immune complexes
types of vasculitis:
large vessel:
giant cell (temporal)
takayasu
medium vessel:
polyarteritis nodosa (classic)
kawasaki
small vessel:
microscopic polyarteritis (pANCA)
wegener's granulomatosis (cANCA)
when do you see pANCA
microcopic polyarteritis (in small vessels)
when do you see cANCA
wegeners granulomatosis (in small vessels)
what so you see in giant cell (temporal) arteritis
granulomatous inflammation with giant cells and fibrosis
which vasculitis is rare under the age of 50
giant cell (temporal)
which vasculitis is known as pulseless disease b/c of weak pulses in the arms
takayasu
what do you see with takayasu arteritis
granulomatous inflammation
fibrosis in aortic arch and aortic branches
"pulseless disease"
affects young women
which arteritis affects young women
takayasu
in people with polyarteritis nodosa __% have ____ in serum
30% have hepatitis B surface antigen
hepatitis b surface antigen in 30% of cases is characteristic of which arteritis
polyarteritis nodosa
usual sites of involvement of polyarteritis nodosa
Kidney 85%
Heart 75%
Liver 65%
GI 50%

Kerby
Has
Loaded
Guns
GI
a viral infection triggers a hypersensitivity reaction describes which arteritis
kawasaki
which arteritis affects infants and young children
kawasaki
kawasaki
viral infection triggers hypersens. rxn
infants and young children
usually goes away but 1-2% die with coronary artery vasculitis
microscopic polyarteritis is due to
antigen-antibody complexes
ANCA stands for
anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies
wegener's granulomatosis is caused by
T cell mediated hypersensitivity
key characteristic of wegener's granulomatosis
has cANCA
what is Buerger's disease
endothelial injury from cigarette smoke
when does Buerger's start
before age 35
where does a person with Buerger's experience pain and ischemia
extermities
what is another name for Buerger's disease
thromboangitis obliterans
what is another name for aneurysm
dissecting aortic hematoma
what is another name for dissecting aortic hematoma
aneurysm
what is an aneurysm
longitudinal tear of the aortic media with begins in the ascending aorta and extends variable distance proximal and distal
predisposing factors for aneurysm
hypertension
CT disorder (marfan's)
repeated episodes of acute rheumatic fever cause
mitral valve fibrosis
calcification with valvular stenosis
mitral valve prolapse causes what type of degeneration
myxomatous degeneration
giant cell arteritis
large arteries
temporal artery
granulomatous inflamm
polyarteritis nodosa
med/small arts
haphazard involvement
fibrinoid necrosis
aneurysm formation