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52 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
mitral stenosis is usually due to
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chronic rheumatic valvular disease
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acute rheumatic fever is a systemic diesase which follows a _____
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group A beta strep. pharyngitis
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the myocarditis produced by rheumatic fever is characterized by
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Aschoff bodies
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what are aschoff bodies
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collections of mononuclear inflammatory cells and fibroblasts in mitral stenosis from RF
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mitral stenosis is thought to be caused by
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production of antibodies against the strep bacteria which cross react with antigens in the heart, joints, etc
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mitral valve regurgitation ...valve balloons back into the
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left atrium
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mild mitral valve prolapse occurs in
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5-10% of population
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severe mitral valve prolapse is also called
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floppy mitral valve
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floppy mitral valve can also be caused by
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marfan's syndrome
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what are the different valvular diseases
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mitral stenosis
mitral regurgitation aortic valve stenosis aortic valve regurgitation infectious endocarditis |
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the mitral valve is which valve
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left av valve
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aortic valve is which one
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leading from left vent to aorta
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causes of aortic valve stenosis
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chronic rheumatic valvular disease (in this case the mitral valve is almost always stenotic too)
older age (over 65) if valve is bicuspid instead of having 3 |
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bicuspid aortic valves are a genetic deformity and these start calcification and fibrosis at age...
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40
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what usually causes infectious endocarditis
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bacterial infection in heart valve (but can also be caused by fungus or other infection)
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predisposing factors for infectious endocarditis
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abnormal heart valves
prosthetic valves IV drug use intracardiac shunts immunosuppression |
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3 factors of pathogenesis of infectious endocarditis
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endocardial or endothelial INJURY due to abnormal blood flow
fibrin THROMBI ORGANISMS in blood |
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clinical manifestations of endocarditis
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fever
heart murmur fatigue anemia arthralgia myalgia Roth spots (retina hemorrhages) |
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complications of endocarditis
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rupture of chordae tendinae
spread of infection into myocardium or aorta thromboembolism with infarction septic thrombi with metastatic abscesses valvular dysfunction and CHF |
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acute endocarditis
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short duration
virulent organism (S. aureus) large vegetations previously normal valve tissue destruction |
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subacute endocarditis
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longer duration
low virulence organism (S. viridans) small vegetations previously abnormal valve less tissue destruction |
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causes of vasculitis
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infection
trauma toxins caustic substances ratiation immune complexes |
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types of vasculitis:
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large vessel:
giant cell (temporal) takayasu medium vessel: polyarteritis nodosa (classic) kawasaki small vessel: microscopic polyarteritis (pANCA) wegener's granulomatosis (cANCA) |
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when do you see pANCA
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microcopic polyarteritis (in small vessels)
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when do you see cANCA
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wegeners granulomatosis (in small vessels)
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what so you see in giant cell (temporal) arteritis
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granulomatous inflammation with giant cells and fibrosis
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which vasculitis is rare under the age of 50
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giant cell (temporal)
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which vasculitis is known as pulseless disease b/c of weak pulses in the arms
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takayasu
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what do you see with takayasu arteritis
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granulomatous inflammation
fibrosis in aortic arch and aortic branches "pulseless disease" affects young women |
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which arteritis affects young women
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takayasu
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in people with polyarteritis nodosa __% have ____ in serum
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30% have hepatitis B surface antigen
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hepatitis b surface antigen in 30% of cases is characteristic of which arteritis
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polyarteritis nodosa
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usual sites of involvement of polyarteritis nodosa
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Kidney 85%
Heart 75% Liver 65% GI 50% Kerby Has Loaded Guns GI |
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a viral infection triggers a hypersensitivity reaction describes which arteritis
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kawasaki
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which arteritis affects infants and young children
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kawasaki
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kawasaki
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viral infection triggers hypersens. rxn
infants and young children usually goes away but 1-2% die with coronary artery vasculitis |
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microscopic polyarteritis is due to
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antigen-antibody complexes
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ANCA stands for
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anti-neutrophilic cytoplasmic antibodies
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wegener's granulomatosis is caused by
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T cell mediated hypersensitivity
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key characteristic of wegener's granulomatosis
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has cANCA
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what is Buerger's disease
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endothelial injury from cigarette smoke
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when does Buerger's start
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before age 35
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where does a person with Buerger's experience pain and ischemia
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extermities
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what is another name for Buerger's disease
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thromboangitis obliterans
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what is another name for aneurysm
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dissecting aortic hematoma
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what is another name for dissecting aortic hematoma
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aneurysm
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what is an aneurysm
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longitudinal tear of the aortic media with begins in the ascending aorta and extends variable distance proximal and distal
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predisposing factors for aneurysm
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hypertension
CT disorder (marfan's) |
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repeated episodes of acute rheumatic fever cause
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mitral valve fibrosis
calcification with valvular stenosis |
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mitral valve prolapse causes what type of degeneration
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myxomatous degeneration
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giant cell arteritis
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large arteries
temporal artery granulomatous inflamm |
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polyarteritis nodosa
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med/small arts
haphazard involvement fibrinoid necrosis aneurysm formation |