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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Main idea of a passage. A stated main idea is:
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explicit - it is directly expressed in a sentence or two in the paragraph or passage
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Main idea of a passage. An implied main idea is:
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suggested by the overall reading selection. Must formulate in your own words a main idea statement.
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syntax=
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sentence structure
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diction=
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word choice
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What two things are necessary to create tone?
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1) syntax (sentence structure)
2) diction (word choice) |
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Tone may be thought of as:
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positive, negative, or neutral
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Name two beginning reading approaches:
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1)Bottom-Up (Code Emphasis)
2)Top-Down (Meaning-Emphasis) |
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Bottom Up (Code Emphasis) beginning reading approach is:
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1)Letter sound regularity is stressed
2)letter-sound relationships are taught and mastered before introducing new words |
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Name some examples of Bottom-Up (Code Emphasis) beginning reading approach:
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Merrill Linguistics reading program, DISTAR Reading
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Top-Down (meaning emphasis) beginning reading approach is:
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1)reading for meaning is emphasized from the first stages
2)high frequency words - decoded by context,pictures,initial letters, and word configurations. Thus a letter may not have the same sound in different words throughout the story |
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Give some examples of Top-Down (meaning emphasis) beginning reading approach:
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whole language, language experience, individualized reading programs
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Name 6 Developmental reading approaches:
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1 - Basal Reading
2 - Phonics Approach 3 - Linguistics Approach 4 - Whole Language Approach 5 - Language Experience Approach 6 - Individualized Reading Approach |
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antonyms
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opposites, contrast
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Name the major literary genres
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allegory
ballad drama epic epistle essay fable legend myth novel poem romance short story |
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define the literary genre allegory
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a story is verse or porse with characters representing virtues and vices. 2 meaning, symbolic and literal
ex:john bunyan's The Pilgrim's Progress |
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define literary genre ballad
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story told or sung in verse and accompanied by music
ex: the rime of the ancient mariner |
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Define literary genre Drama
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typically 5 acts
comedy, modern, or tragedy ex: shakespeare |
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define literary genre epic
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long poem usually of book length
ex: homer's the odyssey, illiad |
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define literary genre epistle
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a letter that is not always meant for public distribution
ex: paul wrote epistles in the bible |
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define literary genre essay
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limited length prose focusing on a topic propounding a definite point of view
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define literary genre legend
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traditional narrative popularly regarded as historically accurate but are actually a mix of fact and fiction
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define literary genre myth
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stories that are more or less universally shared within a culture to explain its history and traditions
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define literary genre poem
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only requirement is rhythm
ode, sonnet, elegy, pastoral, villanelle |
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Piaget - Cognitive Development
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Sensory motor intelligence - birth to 2
preoperational thought -2 to 7 concrete operations - 7-11 formal operations - 11-15 |
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Kohlberg - Moral Reasoning
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Preconventional Level (right and wrong)
Conventional Leve (good values) postconventional level (defines what is right independent of groups) |
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maslow - hierarchy of needs
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development can be influenced by how well biological, social, cognitive, and personal needs are met
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Erikson - psychosocial development
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stage 3 - 3-6 years Play Age - initiative vs guilt
Stage 4 - 6-12 years School age - industry vs. inferiority Stage 5 - 13-adult Adolescence - identity vs role confusion |
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Skinner - Behaviorism and operant conditioning
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operant conditioning
rewarding to reinforce withholding or punishing to distinguish |
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bandura - modeling
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can learn behaviors quickly through observation of others (people, tv, books, and verbally)
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Vygotsky - constructionism
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how children construct understanding of new material based on what they already know
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