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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Organic chemistry is a science based on the study of?
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Carbon compounds
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How many electron pairs does carbon share in order to complete its valence shell?
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4
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A carbon atom is most likely to form what kind of bond(s) with other atoms?
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Covalent
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Which of the following statements best describes the carbon atoms present in all organic molecules?
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A, B, C
- Derived from CO2, processed into sugars, incorporate into organic molecules |
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Shown here in figure 4.2 are the structures of glucose and fructose. These two molecules are
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structural polymers
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The two molecules in Figure 4.2 are best described as
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Geometric isomers
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Thalidomide and L-dopa, shown below, are examples of pharmaceutical drugs that occur as enantiomers, or molecules that
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Are mirror images
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A compound contains hydroxyl groups as its predominant functional group. Which of the following statements is true concerning this compound?
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It should dissolve in water.
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Which two functional groups are always found in amino acids?
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carboxyl and amino
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Amino acids are acids because they always possess which functional group?
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Carboxyl
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A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule less acidic. Which of the following functional groups should be added to the molecules to do so?
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Amino
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For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(A) The number of alpha glucose 1-4 linkages in cellulose (B) The number of alpha glucose 1-4 linkages in starch |
Item (A) is less than item (B)
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For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(A) The probability of finding chitin in fungal cell walls. (B) The probability of finding chitin in arthropod skeletons. |
(A) = (B)
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For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(A) The number of cis double bonds in saturated fatty acids. (B) The number of cis double bonds in unsaturated fates. |
Item (A) is less than item (B)
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For this pair of items, choose the option that best describes their relationship.
(A) The probability that amino acids with nonpolar side chains are hydrophobic (B) The probability that amino acids with side chains containing side chains with carboxyl groups |
Item (A) is greater than item (B)
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Which of the following is not a polymer?
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Glucose
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What is the chemical mechanism by which cells make polymers from monomers?
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Dehydration reactions
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How many molecules of water are needed to completely hydrolyze a polymer that is 11 monomers long?
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10
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Which of the polymers contain N?
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chitin
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The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. This shows dehydration synthesis has occurred:
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C18 H30 O5
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On food packages, to what does the term “insoluble fiber” refers?
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Cellulose
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Lactose, a sugar in milk, is composed of one glucose molecule joined by a glycosidic linkage to one galactose molecule. How is lactose classified?
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Disaccharide
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Which of the following is true of both starch and cellulose?
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They are both polymers of glucose
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Which of the following is true of cellulose?
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It is a major structural component of plant cell walls
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Humans can digest starch but not cellulose because
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humans have enzymes that can hydrolyze the alpha glycosidic linkages of starch but not the beta glycosidic linkages of cellulose.
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All of the following statements of saturated fats are true except
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They have multiple double bonds in the carbon chains of their fatty acids.
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A molecule with the formula C18H3O2 is probably a
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fatty acid
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Which of the following statements is false for the class of biological molecules known as lipids?
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They are soluble in water
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What is a triacylglycerol?
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A lipid made with three fatty acids and 1 glycerol
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What is a good indicator of unsaturated fats?
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Double bonds
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Large organic molecules are usually assembled by polymerization of a few kinds of simple subunits. Which of the following is an exception to this statement?
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a steroid
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Steroid molecule
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4 fused rings
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Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?
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They are steroids, which are not soluble in water.
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The bonding of 2 amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires
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the release of a water molecule
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There are 20 different amino acids. What makes them different?
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Different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha carbon
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Upon chemical analysis, a particular polypeptide was found to contain 100 amino acids. How many peptide bonds are present in this protein?
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99
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Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet structures of proteins?
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Hydrogen bonds
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The tertiary structure of a protein is the
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unique 3D shape of the fully folded polypeptide
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A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide’s specific 3D shape is a (an)
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A disulfide bond, which is a strong covalent bond.
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At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains most important?
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Tertiary structure
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Why are human sex hormones considered to be lipids?
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They are steroids, which are not soluble in water.
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The bonding of 2 amino acid molecules to form a larger molecule requires
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the release of a water molecule
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There are 20 different amino acids. What makes them different?
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Different side chains (R groups) attached to an alpha carbon
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Which bonds are created during the formation of the primary structure of a protein?
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peptide bond
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Which type of interaction stabilizes the alpha helix and beta pleated sheet structures of proteins?
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Hydrogen bonds
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The tertiary structure of a protein is the
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unique 3D shape of the fully folded polypeptide
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A strong covalent bond between amino acids that functions in maintaining a polypeptide’s specific 3D shape is a (an)
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A disulfide bond, which is a strong covalent bond.
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At which level of protein structure are interactions between the side chains most important?
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Tertiary structure
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The R group or side chain of the amino acid serine is –CH2 -)H. the R group or side chain of the amino acid alanine is –CH3. Where would you expect to find these amino acids in a globular protein in an aqueous solution?
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Alanine would be in the interior, and serine would be on the exterior of the globular protein
(Serine = polar, alanine = nonpolar) |
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What would be an unexpected consequence of changing one amino acid in a protein consisting of 325 amino acids?
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A, B, and C
- Primary and tertiary structures would be changed, and function would be altered |
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The function of each protein is a consequence of its specific shape. What is the term used for a change in a proteins 3D shape due to disruption of bonds?
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Denaturation
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What is a protein molecule that assists in the proper folding of other proteins?
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Chaperonin
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Which of the following descriptions best fits the class of molecules known as nucleotides?
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A nitrogenous base, a phosphate group, and a pentose sugar
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Which of the following bases are purines?
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Guanine and Adenine
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Which of the following is an example of hydrolysis?
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The reaction of a fat, forming glycerol and fatty acids with the use of water
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The element nitrogen is present in all but
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monosaccharides
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The molecular formula for glucose is C6H12O6. What would be the molecular formula for a polymer made by linking ten glucose molecules together by dehydration synthesis?
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C60H102O51
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