3Rd Quarter - Neuro

Front 1

At what level will you see the CST in the spinal cord gray matter?

Back 1

C2

Front 2

After synapsing in the nucleus gracilus & cuneatus the vibration & proprioception fibers cross where in brain stem?

What is this area called specifically?

Back 2

Medulla


Internal Arcuate Fibers

Front 3

The crossing for pain & temperature fibers occur where?

What is the specific area?

Back 3

Spinal Cord

Anterior White Comissure

Front 4

Sensory information from the viscera in the head, throat, thoracic, abdominal cavities, and respiratory reflxes are processed where in the medulla?

Back 4

Solitary nucleus & tract

Front 5

Where is the nucleus ambiguus located?

Back 5

In the lateral medulla

Front 6

What are the three manifistations of the medial medullary syndrome?

Back 6

Contralteral arm & leg weakness (CST)
Contralateral loss of proprioception in arm/leg (Medial Lemniscus)
Deviation of tongue toward lesion (Hypoglossal nucleus)

Front 7

A tongue deviation away from hemiplesia indicates what?

Back 7

Stroke in anterior spinal artery

Front 8

What are the six manifestation of the lateral medullary syndrome?

Back 8

Vertigo and nystagmus (vestibular nuclei)

1st order Horner’s syndrome (descending sympathetic)

Dysphagia, dysphonia, hiccups, & decreased gag reflex (nucleus ambiguus)

Ipsilateral ataxia (ICP & inferior cerebellum)!

Ipsilateral facial numbness – loss of pain and temp (spinal trigeminal tract)

Contralateral arm & leg numbness – loss of pain & temp (spinothalamic tract)

Front 9

What is a hallmark of a brain stem lesion?

Back 9

Contralateral arm and leg numbness

Front 10

A lesion to what nucleus will result in blood pressure instability and tachycardia?

Back 10

Nucleus Solitarius

Front 11

Ipsilateral loss of epicritics to leg means a lesion to?

Back 11

Fasiculus/Nucleus Gracilis

Front 12

Ipsilataeral loss of epicritics to arm means a lesion to?

Back 12

Fasiculus/Nucleus Cuneatus

Front 13

True or False

Lesion above the CST decussation causes contralateral UMN weakness?

Back 13

True

Front 14

Contralateral loss of pain & temp in the arm and leg means a lesion to?

Back 14

Spinothalamic Tract

Front 15

Ipsilateral loss of pain & temp in the face means a lesion to?

Back 15

Spinal Trigeminal Tract

Front 16

Decreased vibration & proprioception in contralateral arm or leg means a lesion to?

Back 16

Medial Lemnisucus

Front 17

A loss of taste, respiratory reflex, along with sensory loss of head, throat, & thorax means a lesion to?

Back 17

Solitary nucleus

Front 18

Tachycardia & unstable blood pressure means a lesion to?

Back 18

Solitary Nucleus

Front 19

If a patient complains of vertigo & dizziness, they probably have a lesion to what nucleus in the brainstem?

Back 19

Vestibular Nucleus

Front 20

What pathway contains the descending fibers from the inferior and superior colliculus to the cervical spinal cord?

Back 20

Tectospinal Tract

Front 21

If a patients heart rate speeds up and their GI motility slows down, where is the lesion?

Back 21

Dorsal Nucleus of Vagus (in medial medulla)

Front 22

What are the manifestations of the Brown-Sequard Syndrome?

Back 22

Ipsilateral spastic UMN weakness (CST)

Decreased ipsilateral vibration & proprioception (Fasciculus gracilus/cuneatus)

Contralateral decreased pain and temperature

Front 23

What is the cause of the medial medullary syndrome?

Back 23

Occlusion of anterior spinal artery

Front 24

What is the cause of the lateral medullary syndrome?

Back 24

Occlusion of PICA or vertebral artery

Front 25

Lesion of what tract results in decerebrate posturing (when pateint has profound extensor posturing in both the arms and legs)?

Back 25

Lateral Vestibulospinal Tract

Front 26

A small lesion to what tract will cause palatal myoclonus?

Back 26

Central Tegmental Tract

Front 27

What 3 things will a lesion of the facial nerve cause?

Back 27

Weakness of upper & lower ipsilateral face

Ipsilateral hyperacusis - sounds too loud

Diminished ipsilateral taste sensation

Front 28

If you have a patient who can't abduct the left eye and has Bell's palsy on the left side, where is the lesion?

Back 28

In the Pons

Front 29

What nucleus mediates the tactile sensory infromation for the face (such as vibration and light touch), as well as the corneal reflex?

Back 29

Principle (Chief) sensory trigeminal nucleus

Front 30

A lesion to what nucleus will cause an abnormally brisk jaw jerk?

Where is this nucleus?

Back 30

Mesencephalic Trigeminal Nucleus


Upper level of Pons

Front 31

What kind of sense does the lateral leminiscus carry?

Where does it synapse?

Back 31

Auditory

Inferior Colliculus (midbrain)

Front 32

Where are there abundant opiate receptors, which stimulation of results in analgesia?

Back 32

Periaqueductal gray in pons

Front 33

What is the auditory nucleus of the thalamus?

Back 33

Medial Geniculate Body

Front 34

What nucleus provides the parasympathetic contribution to the Oculomotor nerve, resulting in papillary constriction in response to light?

Where is it found?

Back 34

Edinger-Westphal nucleus

Midbrain

Front 35

Occlusion of which artery will present as contralteral himplegia (cerebellar peduncle) & ipsilateral 3rd nerve palsy (Oculomotor Nerve)?

What's this syndrome called?

Back 35

Posterior cerebral artery

Weber's Syndrome

Front 36

What tract carries pain and temperature from below T6 and relays at Clarke's nucleus?

Back 36

Dorsal Spinocerebellar Tract

Front 37

What tract carries pain and temperature from below T6 and and crosses over twice to final enter through superior cerebellar peduncle?

Back 37

Ventral Spinocerebellar Tract

Front 38

From medal to lateral what are the four deep cerebellar nuclei?

Back 38

Fastigial -> Globose -> Emboliform -> Dentate

Front 39

What is the input pathway that goes through in through the middle cerebellar peduncle?

Back 39

Corticopontocerebellar pathway

Front 40

What is a common seizure medication that when taken in excess results in ataxia, nystagmus, & lethargy?

Back 40

Phenytoin (Dilantin)

Front 41

A stroke of the MCA inferior division causes what kind of aphasia?

Back 41

Wernicke's Aphasia

Front 42

What part of the limbic system is important in conditioned emotional response?

Back 42

Amygdala

Front 43

Destruction of the __________, is associated with impaired threat assesment (less fear of threat)

Back 43

Amygdala

Front 44

What is the output nucleus of the amygdala that leads to hypothalamus, PAG, & cerebral cortex?

Back 44

Central Nucleus

Front 45

What is the input nucleus of the amygdala?

Back 45

Basolateral Nucleus

Front 46

What part of the limbic system is important for maintaining internal homeostasis: hunger/thirst, sex, rage, pleasure?

Also is quick to turn on/off

Back 46

Hypothalamus

Front 47

What part of the limbic system functions to store cortex memory into long term memory, also is associated with declarative memory (facts) and spatial memory?

Back 47

Hippocampus

Front 48

A lesion to what part of the limbic system leads to inability to store short term memory?

Back 48

Hippocampus

Front 49

What part of the hippocampus helps store memory?

Back 49

Dentate gyrus

Front 50

What part of the hippocampus is important in memory retrieval & recognition of scenes?

Back 50

Parahippocampal gyrus

Front 51

What part of the hippocampus/parahippocampal gyrus is an important pathway for memory going in and out?

Also associated with spatial memory

Back 51

Entorhinal cortex

Front 52

What part of the association cortices is important for working memory and executive function?

Back 52

Dorsolateral Prefrontal Cortex

Front 53

What part of the limbic cortices is important in decision making, mood, and impulsivity?

Back 53

Orbito-frontal cortex

Front 54

What part of the limbic cortices is important with being able to respond appropriately to others emotions & attachments?

Back 54

Cingulate cortex

Front 55

What part of the limbic cortices is important for:

Verbal Memory

Spatial Memory

Back 55

Left Anterior Temporal Cortex

Right Anterior Temporal Cortex

Front 56

Phineas Gage had a tamping rod go through which part of the limbic cortices?

Back 56

Orbito-frontal cortex

Front 57

What part of limbic system modifies emotional output, and also involved in pain, sex, rage, & fair?

Back 57

Periacqueductal Gray

Front 58

What nucleus (part of basal ganglia) has to do with repeated rewarded behaviors?

Back 58

Nucleus Accumbens !!!