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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What are the two types of chromosomes?
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Autosomes and sex chromosomes.
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Why do males determine the sex of an offspring?
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Because they produce both X and Y gametes.
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What are body cells also called?
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somatic
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What are 3 reasons Thomas Hunt Morgan worked with fruit flies to study sex-linked traits?
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a. Fruit flies are cheaply raised in common laboratory glassware
b. Females only mate once and lay hundreds of eggs c. Fruit fly generation time is short, allowing rapid experiments |
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An X-linked gene is...
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any gene located on the X chromosome that are missing on the Y chromosome
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Red-Green colour blindness and hemophila are...
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sex-linked trait
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When is a linkage group NOT formed?
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During crossing over
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What does a genetic map show?
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LOCI- the location of a gene on a chromosome.
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What are mutations?
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Changes in genes or chromosomes(# or structure) that can be passed to offspring.
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What is monosomy?
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When an individual only has one of a type of chromosome
(Turner's = one X) |
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What is trisomy?
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When an individual has three chromosomes for one paticular chromosome (Trisomy 21[Down's] and Klinefelter)
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What is nondisjunction?
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When chromosomes fail to seperate properly during meiosis; cause of chromosomal disorders.
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What is polyploidy?
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where the offspring have more than two sets of chromosomes occurs often in plants
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What is inversion?
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when a piece of a chromosome breaks off & reattaches to the same place but in the reverse order
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What is translocation?
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occurs when a chromosome segment breaks off & attaches to a different chromosome
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What are deletions?
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occur when the end of a chromosome breaks off & is lost
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What are duplications?
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occur when a section of a chromosome is doubled
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What are changes in genes caused by?
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change in structure of the DNA
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Gene mutation is caused by...
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DNA bases substituted, added, or removed
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