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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who discovered DNA from open wounds?
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Johann Friedrich Mieschner, who called it nuclein.
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What is a nucleotide?
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the monomer for all nucleic acids
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What are the three parts of a nucleotide?
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1. phosphate group(one or more)
2. 5-Carbon sugar 3. Nitrogen-containing base (A,G,T,C) |
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What are the nitrogen bases named?
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Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine
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Who discovered monomers DNA?
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Erwin Chargaff
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Which base pairs go with which? (complementary base pairing)
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A=T, C=G
equal number of each |
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Do proteins or DNA, both found in chromosomes, control heredity?
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DNA
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Who proposed the correct model of the double helix?
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Watson and Crick
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Why wasn't Rosalind Franklin able to recieve the Nobel Prize in 1962?
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She died of ovarian cancer in 1958.
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When was the Human Genome Project finished?
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2003
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What is DNA?
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a nucleic acid
a polymer containing four types of duplicated monomers |
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What is the "backbone" of DNA made of?
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a sugar-phosphate
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What are the nitrogenous bases/rungs held together with?
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Hydrogen bonds
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Are hydrogen bonds weak or strong?
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WEAK.
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Which human cell does not contain a nucleus paked with DNA?
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a mature red blood cell
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All living things have the same...
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...four nucleotide bases of DNA.
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How does DNA duplicat itself?
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DNA helicase enzyme breaks hydrogen bonds and seperates strands
DNA poymerase adds new nucleotides to the exposed bases |
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What does DNA code for?
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1. make proteins
2. control cellular growth+metabolism |
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How does DNA control cells?
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By "turning on/off" genes in tissues.
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What is RNA?
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Ribonuclic acid, found in the nucleus and cytoplasm.
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What nitrogen base does RNA contain?
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Uracil
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What are the base pairings of Uracil?
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A-U and C-G
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What is mRNA?
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messenger RNA, single, uncoiled, STRAIGHT strnad of nuclueic acid.
copies DNA's intructions + carries them 3 consecutive bases on mRNA are called a codon |
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What is tRNA?
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transfer RNA, shape=cloverleaf
Carries amino acids to ribosomes |
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What it rRNA?
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Ribosomal RNA, globular shape, make up the small and large subunits of ribosomes
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How is a protein formed?
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the linkage of individual amino acids, forming a peptide bond.
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What is a chain of amino acids called?
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polypeptide
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What are amino acids?
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sequence of 3 bases on DNA that are too large to leave the nucleus.
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What is trascription?
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in the nucleus where the DNA's instructions for making proteins are copied
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What is translation?
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in the cytoplasm where amino acids are linked together using the copied instructions from transcription
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