3Rd Micro. Test

Front 1

Beadle & Tatum

Back 1

1 gene, 1 enzyme
(what did they use?)

Hint 1

Used Neurospora crassa

Front 2

Barbara McClintock

Back 2

Transposable elements: "jumping genes"

Hint 2

worked w/ maize

Front 3

Maurice Wilkins and Rosalind Franklin

Back 3

X-ray diffraction of DNA

Front 4

James Watson

Back 4

DNA model as double-helix

Front 5

Francis Crick

Back 5

DNA model as double-helix.
Described translation.
Coined “Central dogma”.
Proposed life started with RNA and evolved to DNA.

Front 6

Carl Woese

Back 6

Proposed life started with RNA and evolved to DNA.

Front 7

Penicillins

1- Mechanism
2- Antimicrobial action & Spectrum

Back 7

Bind PBPs; inhibit formation of bridges in peptidoglycan

Hint 7

Gm+ Bactericidal

Front 8

Methicillin

1- Mechanism
2- Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 8

Bind PBPs

Hint 8

Gm+ Bactericidal

Front 9

Ampicillin, Amoxicillin

1- Mechanism
2- Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 9

Bind PBPs

Hint 9

Gm+ Bactericidal; growing E. coli, Proteus

Front 10

Carbenicillin, Ticarcillin

1- Mechanism
2- Antimicrobial action & spectrum.

Back 10

Bind PBPs

Hint 10

Bactericidal. Gm+ &
Gm-, incl. Pseudomonas.

Front 11

Monobactams (Aztreonam)

1- Mechanism
2- Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 11

Bind PBPs

Hint 11

Aerobic Gm- Bactericidal;
Enterobacteriaceae

Front 12

Vancomycin

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 12

Affects D-alanine chain

Hint 12

bactericidal against MRSA, C. difficile

Front 13

Isoniazid

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 13

Affects Mycolic acid synthesis

Hint 13

Bactericidal against growing Mycobacteria.

Front 14

Aminoglycosides (Streptomycin, Gentamycin, Kanamycin)

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 14

Irreversibly binds 30S ribosome

Hint 14

Gm – bactericidal, including Pseudomonas.
Ineffective vs. anaerobes, streptococci, enterococi

Front 15

Tetracyclines

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 15

Reversibly bind 30S ribo subunit

Hint 15

Bacteriostatic against Selective Gm – and Gm+;
Chlamydia, Rickettsia, Mycoplasma

Front 16

Macrolides (Erythromycin,
Azithromycin)

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 16

Reversibly bind 30S ribo subunit

Hint 16

Bacteriostatic against Mycoplasma & Chlamydia.
Ineffective vs. Enterobacteriaceae

Front 17

Rifampin (Rifamycin B, Rifabutin)

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 17

Binds RNA polymerase

Hint 17

Bactericidal vs. TB; Static vs. staph & strep.

Front 18

Chloramphenicol
(Cm or Cam)

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 18

Reversibly binds 50S ribo; prevents peptide bond formation

Hint 18

Bacteriostatic against Salmonella typhi

Front 19

Sulfonamides (SFX)

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 19

PABA antagonists

Hint 19

Bacteriostatic across large spectrum

Front 20

Trimethoprim (TMP)

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 20

Dihydrofolate reductase inhibitor

Hint 20

Bacteriostatic across large spectrum

Front 21

Fluoroquinolones (Ciprofloxacin,
Levofloxacin)

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial action & spectrum

Back 21

Inhibit alpha subunit of DNA Gyrase

Hint 21

Bactericidal across large spectrum

Front 22

Polymixin B, Polymixin E (colistin)

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial activity & spectrum.

Back 22

Interact w/ LPS, phospholipids in OM

Hint 22

Gm- bactericidal; Pseudomonas

Front 23

Bacitracin

1. Mechanism
2. Antimicrobial activity & spectrum.

Back 23

Inhibits lipid carrier of peptidoglycan

Hint 23

Gm+ bactericidal

Front 24

Types of penicillin

Back 24

Methicillin
Amoxicillin
Ampicillin
Carbenicillin
Ticarcillin

Front 25

Types of Aminoglycosides

Back 25

Streptomycin
Gentamycin
Kanamycin

Front 26

Penicillin inhibitions

Back 26

Beta-lactamases;
Efflux of drug;

Front 27

Monobactam inhibitions

Back 27

Resistant to beta-lactamases

Front 28

Vancomycin inhibitions

Back 28

Can't cross OM of Gm- bacteria.

Front 29

Isoniazid inhibitions

Back 29

TB builds resistant qiuckly.
Bad uptake.

Front 30

Aminoglycoside inhibitions

Back 30

30S ribo mutates.
Enzymes change drug.
Bad uptake.

Front 31

Tetracycline inhibitions

Back 31

Bad uptake.
Protection of 30S ribo.
Active efflux pumps.

Front 32

Types of macrolides

Back 32

Erythromycin
Azithromycin

Front 33

Macrolide inhibition

Back 33

Bad uptake.
23S rRNA gets methylated.

Front 34

Rifampin inhibition

Back 34

Gm+: altered Beta subunit.
Gm-: bad drug uptake

Front 35

Chloramphenicol inhibition

Back 35

Cm acetyl-transferase.
Alter OM porins.

Front 36

Sulfonimide inhibition

Back 36

Plasmid-encoded enzyme

Front 37

Trimethoprim (TMP) inhibition

Back 37

Plasmid-encoded enzyme

Front 38

Specific Fluoroquinolones

Back 38

Ciprofloxacin
Levofloxacin

Front 39

Fluoroquinolone inhibition

Back 39

Bad uptake.
Altered alpha subunit

Front 40

Polymixin B, Polymixin E (colistin) inhibition

Back 40

Gm+ lack outer membrane

Front 41

Bacitracin inhibition

Back 41

Gm- have intrinsic resistance b/c OM is impermeable.

Front 42

Bacitracin inhibition

Back 42

Gm- have intrinsic resistance b/c OM is impermeable.

Front 43

PCR Denaturation temperature

Back 43

94-96C

Front 44

PCR Annealing temperature

Back 44

52-58C

Front 45

PCR Extension temperature

Back 45

70-73C

Front 46

PCR Denaturation temperature

Back 46

94-96C

Front 47

PCR Annealing temperature

Back 47

52-58C

Front 48

PCR Extension temperature

Back 48

70-73C