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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define perimenopause
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From onset of menopausal symptoms to 1 year after last menstrual period.
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HALLMARK of menopausal transition?
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Variation in menstrual cycles?
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What is notable about hormone levels in menopausal women?
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Loss of follicles in egg results in a decrease in estrogen.
Estrogen acts as a negative feedback on LH and FSH. Thus LH and FSH levels are increased in menopause. |
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When does menopausal transition start?
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Around 47 years. Can last around 4 years, though 2-8 is normal. Smoking and race can play factors.
Dramatic hormone fluctuations. |
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What are common symptoms of menopausal transition?
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Vasomotor "hot flashes"...loss of libido due to estrogen loss.
Night sweats, insomnia too. |
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How do hormone levels fluctuate during menopausal transition?
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Dramatic changes.
This is why women have irregular bleeding because hormonal levels fluctuate so drastically. |
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What vaginal changes can occur during menopause?
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Decrease in estrogen can result in vaginal atrophy. Can result in painful intercourse.
Incontinence with urination because bladder is estrogen sensitive and thus atrophies. |
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Why are there skin changes during menopause?
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Again, decrease estrogen.
Decreased estrogen affects collagen metabolism. Loss of skin integrity and elasticity. Facial hair growth and hair loss can be a result of a shift in estrogen:androgen ratio, resulting in decrease binding globulin and increase in free testosterone. |
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What are late-term sequelae of menopause?
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Osteoporosis
Coronary heart disease Alzheimers |
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What is estrogen effect on coronary heart disease?
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Estrogen is a vasodilator and can help endothelium resist plaque formation.
Estrogen also helps keep the LDL/HDL ratio in good balance. Loss of estrogen causes bad shift. |
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What is estrogen's effect on osteoporosis?
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Estrogen keeps osteoclast/osteoblast balance on side of bone formation.
Without estrogen, resorption OUTPERFORMS building of bone |
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Is it possible to diagnose menopause based on lab levels?
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FSH will be increased...but this does fluctuate at other life periods.
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How long can hot flashes last? How do you treat?
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Hot flashes best treated with Hormone Therapy!
can last from as little as 2 months to up to 5 years. |
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If there is heavy abnormal bleeding during perimenopause or bleeding post-menopsual, what should we think about?
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Think about endometrial hyperplasia, cancers.
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In the uterus, all things are estrogen sensitive except for?
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POLYPS.
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What type of women will more likely have osteoporosis?
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White, frail, small women.
Low calcium diet |
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TRUE/FALSE
Early menopause is a risk factor for coronary heart diase / osteoporosis. |
Yes! Increased exposure of decreased estrogen.
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What is a good thing about menopause?
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Won't feel symptoms of benign reproductive conditions like fibroids, endometriosis.
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What do LOW-DOSE Oral Contraceptives offer to women with menopausal symptoms?
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TREATS SYMPTOMS...regulates menstrual flow and treats hot flashes.
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What is the most important component towards healthy menopausal transition?
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Lifestyle changes.
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