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25 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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syntax
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how we form linguistically meaningful utterance in speaking and sentences in writing
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form
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listing information about words that are that type of thing (hair, linguist, nose, blackboard)
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function
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what position does it occupy in the higher structure (utterance or sentence). The class waits. (the class is the head of the noun phrase).
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noun
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person, place, thing, idea, state of being, quality, abstract concept (cat, house, dream, life, thought, running is good exercise)
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adjective
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modifies nouns/describes nouns- qualities, states of being, characteristics
often have endings like -al,-able,-like,-an comparative (happier) and superlative (happiest) |
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adverb
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they modify verbs and can also modify adjectives. they can also modify other adverbs. He is happily grinning.
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determiner
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articles- and, a, the, an
proceed nouns and give information about them (quantity, number) closed-class |
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noun modifier
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nouns can be modifiers.
my linguistics class. |
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preposition
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relational, specify relational meanings. closed class. between, within, on, under, from, to, near.
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verb
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head of verb phrase and can stand alone if necessary
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linking verb
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be, like, seem, appear
AFTER linking verbs- predicate adjective that describes subject. |
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pronoun
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closed class. stand in for nouns. he, you, she, it.
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personal pronoun
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specifies a known element.
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indefinite pronouns
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unknown, unspecified elements in a clause.
ANYONE should be able to pass this test. |
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interrogative pronouns
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appear for an unknown to answer a question.
who,what,where,when |
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demonstrative pronouns
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this, that, these, those
points to something previously mentioned |
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relative pronouns
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modifies noun phrase
The professor WHICH came down on them like judgement day. |
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Describe the relationship between phonetics and phonology.
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Phonetics deals with sound production and perception, and phonology is the cognitive organization of sound.
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Parts of speech
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lexical categories
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define and list open class lexical categories
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noun, adverb, verb, adjective- parts of speech that admit new members (google, ipod, blog)
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define and list closed class lexical categories
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parts of speech that do not admit new members. pcpcda- preposition, complementizer, pronoun, conjunction, determiner, auxiliary verb
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complementary distribution
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like clark kent/superman.
they are different but there is something that relates them. one variant is, the other isn't. |
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free variation
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more than one allophone variant can occur in a single context
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underlying representation(UR)
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phoneme- encodes phonetic symbols
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minimal pair
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2 contrastive elements- phonemes- must be different lexical items.
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