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51 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Risk factors for skin cancer |
lighter skin with blond/red hair and blue/green eyes |
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pallor |
decreased tissue perfusion due to red cells or absence of melanin, arterial insufficiency, clammy white |
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vitiligo |
loss of melanin |
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skin biopsy |
done to get further identification of diagnosis, risk for infection |
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phototherapy |
UVB decreases skin cell growth, safer than UVA - prevents cell mitosis |
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incubation period |
active multiplying but no symptoms |
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prodromal |
some manifestations, non specific |
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acute |
most prominent phase, rapid replication, site specific |
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convalescent |
tissue healing |
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treatment |
antibiotic first, tylenol, cool them off, change dressing |
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herpes simplex |
virus that causes cold sores and blisters |
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herpes continued |
herpes never goes away sunlight, menstruation, injury, and stress can cause it to flare up acyclovir used prophylactically |
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risk factor for viruses |
impaired skin integrity and pruritus with scratching make sure client does not scratch the wound to prevent infection |
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nursing diagnosis for viruses |
risk for infection (scratching and excoriation = bacterial infection) you can decrease itching by using a cold compress, cool setting on hair dryer, and vitamin A |
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malignant melanoma testing |
ABCDE and ugly ducking sign |
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pressure ulcer stage 1 |
nonblancheable |
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stage 2 |
partial thickness skin loss involving epidermis and dermis |
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stage 3 |
full thickness - damage of sub tissue, but does not go through underlying fascia |
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stage 4 |
full thickness - damage to muscle and bone |
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unstageable |
eschar, wound needs to slough and be debrided |
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treating pressure ulcers |
hydrocolloid - 1,2,3,4 forms gel with wound exudate, forms barrier to maintain moist environment, prevent infection |
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alginate |
for 2,3,4 - do not use on dry wounds, can cause dehydration, forms gel |
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hydrogel |
2,3,4 rehydrates, autolytic debridement |
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hydrofiber |
2,3,4 antimicrobial |
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transparent |
1,2,3 provides moist setting, reepithiliazation |
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wet to dry |
provides mechanical debridement |
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* Vacuum-assisted closure (VAC) sponge: |
stimulates wound contracture while removing the exudate and wound edema |
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glucagon |
decreases glucose breakdown while raising blood glucose levels, kicks in when below 70 |
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o Fasting plasma glucose (FPG): |
100 – 126 mg/dL no food for 8 hours > 126 mg/dL indicative of DM |
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o Oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT): |
140 – 200 mg/dL pregnancy * Oral glucose tolerance test: > 200 mg/dL at the 2 hours measurement o eats a balanced diet for 3 days prior to the test then fasts for 8 hours prior to the test. Upon arrival for the test, a fasting plasma glucose is drawn, patient then drinks a measured dose of glucose (75 grams) solution, fasting plasma glucose is then drawn at intervals |
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* Casual plasma glucose: |
> 200 mg/dL indicative of DM |
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type 1 |
body is left with no insulin
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type 2 |
body is resistant to insulin |
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neuropathies - peripheral |
polyneuropathy - bilateral - burning, shooting, cold feet mononeuropathy - isolated |
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neuropathy - autonomic |
sweating dysfunction, abnormal pupils, |
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retinipathy |
leading cause of blindness in 20-74 |
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* Fasting blood glucose: |
Normal range 70-100 mg/dL |
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* Hemoglobin A1C (glycosylated hemoglobin): Levels about 7-9% are elevated |
o Determines average blood glucose level over approximately 2-3 months (know that this is the only test that can really determine if they have been following their diet restrictions because it tests over a long period of time) |
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o ADA recommends goal of |
lowering LDL to <100 raise HDL to >45 lower triglycerides to <150 |
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diabetes management |
check cholesterol level |
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atherosclerosis |
leading cause of CV complications |
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novolog/humalog |
10-20 minutes onset peak 30-90 min |
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regular |
can be given IV onset - 30-60 peak 1-2 hrs |
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NPH or Lente |
onset - 1-2 hrs peak 4-12 duration - 18-24hrs |
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Lantus - insulin gargline |
no peak cannot be combined onset - 1 hr lasts 12-2 hrs |
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premixed |
* Combination of specific proportions of intermediate acting and short acting insulin in one bottle or insulin pen* The numbers following the brand name indicate the percentage of each type of insulino Ex: Humulin 70/30, Novolin 70/30, Novolog 70/30* These products are generally taken twice a day before mealtime* There was question about pre-mixed insulin, just cannot remember what it was exactly |
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lypodistrphy |
* Rotate sites! orange peel |
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Sick Day Management - Short Answer Questions was give 4 concepts you would teach your patient about sick day management |
check blood sugar more frequently avoid exercise you must eat continue to take basal insulin |
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exercise |
* If client hasn’t eaten for over an hour or sugar is less than 120, client should eat or drink before exercise.(this was a question you had to put in order of what the patient should do before exercise and I got it wrong but I think the right order is like check blood sugar, eat snack, eat breakfast, then exercise – exercise is last!) Snack should be carried in case of low sugar |
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hyperglycemia |
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hypoglycemia |
o Symptoms: headache, shaking, sweating, feeling tired, weakness, tachycardia, coma, seizure, altered behavior |
