335 Exam 1 Set 2

Front 1

i. Broad ligament is

Back 1

a double layer that lays over uterus and fallopian tubes

Front 2

ii. Round ligament-

Back 2

keeps uterus in place-made of longitudinal muscle, enlarge in pregnancy, in labor pull uterus forward/down to help presenting part of fetus get into cervix.

Front 3

iii. Ovarian

Back 3

anchor the ovaries to the uterus

Front 4

iv. Cardinal

Back 4

are chief uterine supports

Front 5

v. Infundibulopelvic-

Back 5

suspends and supports ovaries

Front 6

a. Follicular phase (days 1–14) of the ovarian cycle

Back 6

i. Graafian follicle appears by day 14
ii. Under dual control of FSH and LH
iii. Mittelschmerz
iv. Body temperature increases after ovulation

Front 7

Uterosacral

Back 7

support uterus and cervix , contains sensory nerve fibers responsible for dysmenorrhea

Front 8

b. Luteal phase (days 15–28) of the ovarian cycle

Back 8

i. Begins when ovum leaves follicle
ii. High levels of progesterone/low levels of estrogen
iii. When the ovum is fertilized and implants in the endometrium, the fertilized egg begins to secrete hCG hormone to maintain the corpus luteum.

Front 9

a. Menstrual phase (days 1-6) of menstrual cycle

Back 9

is shedding of the endometrial lining, estrogen levels are low, scant mucous

Front 10

Ischemic stage (days 27-28)- of menstrual cycle

Back 10

degeneration of corpus luteum, falling estrogen and progesterone levels, constriction of the spiral arteries, Escape of blood into stromal cells of endometrium

Front 11

b. Proliferative phase (days 7-14)- of menstrual cycle

Back 11

endometrial glands begin to enlarge, cervical mucosal changes under estrogen influence

Front 12

Secretory stage (days 15-26)- of menstrual cycle

Back 12

follows ovulation, under influence of progesterone, uterus increases in vascularity to prepare for baby

Front 13

a. Day 15 to Week 8

Back 13

Tissues differentiate into essential organs

Front 14

b. Week 3
i.

Back 14

Most advanced organ is heart

Front 15

c. Week 4

Back 15

i. Beginning development of GI tract
ii. Somites develop – beginning vertebrae
iii. Heart develops, begins beating, circulating blood
iv. Eyes, nose begin to form
v. Arm, leg buds present

Front 16

d. Week 6

Back 16

i. Trachea developed
ii. Liver produces blood cells
iii. Trunk straighter
iv. Digits develop
v. Tail begins to recede
vi. Fetal circulation is established

Front 17

f. At 9 weeks

Back 17

i. Every organ system, structure present = organogenesis
ii. Gestation time
iii. Refining structures
iv. Perfecting function

Front 18

g. Week 12

Back 18

i. Eyelids closed
ii. Tooth buds appear
iii. Fetal heart tones can be heard
iv. Genitals well differentiated
v. Urine produced
vi. Spontaneous movement occurs

Front 19

h. Week 16

Back 19

i. Lanugo begins to develop
ii. Blood vessels clearly developed
iii. Active movements present
iv. Fetus makes sucking motions
v. Fetus swallows amniotic fluid
vi. Fetus produces meconium
vii. Can determine sex

Front 20

i. Week 20

Back 20

i. Subcutaneous brown fat appears
ii. Quickening felt by mother
iii. Nipples appear over mammary glands
iv. Fetal heartbeat heard by fetoscope

Front 21

j. Week 24

Back 21

i. Eyes structurally complete
ii. Vernix caseosa covers skin
iii. Alveoli beginning to form

Front 22

k. Week 28

Back 22

i. Testes begin to descend
ii. Lungs structurally mature
iii. Eyes reopen

Front 23

l. Week 32

Back 23

i. Rhythmic breathing movements
ii. Ability to partially control temperature
iii. Bones fully developed but soft and flexible
iv. Less wrinkled and red, laying down subcutaneous fat

Front 24

m. Week 36

Back 24

i. Increase in subcutaneous fat
ii. Lanugo begins to disappear
iii. Fingernails to end of fingers

Front 25

n. Week 38

Back 25

i. Skin appears polished
ii. Lanugo disappears except in upper arms and shoulders
iii. Hair now coarse and approximately 1-inch long
iv. Fetus is flexed

Front 26

a. Autosomal dominant:

Back 26

Multigenerational, 50% chance of passing on the gene, Males and females equally affected, Varying degrees of presentation

Front 27

Autosomal dominant disorders

Back 27

heterozygous; the abnormal gene overshadows the normal gene of the pair to produce the trait.
- male and female equally affected; each have 50% chance of passing on the abnormal gene
-father can pass to son

Disorders: Huntington disease, Myotonic dystrophy,

Front 28

Autosomal Recessive disorder

Back 28

both parents must have it. 25% chance that the child will be affected. If child is clinically normal, then their is a 2/3 of a chance that the child is a carrier.
- increased chance for marriage within relatives
- cycstic fiberosis, pku, galactosemia, sickle anemia, tay-sachs disease and metabolic disorders

Front 29

X-linked Recessive disorders

Back 29

Abnormal gene is carried on the x chromsone. Men who carry the disorder are considered hemizygous.
- no male to male transmission, Affected males get it from mom
- Mom passing : 50% of sons will be affected, 50% of daughers will be carriers.
- fathers can't pass to son but all their daughters will be carriers

- Fragile X, hemophilia, duchenne muscular dystrophy, color blindness.

Front 30

Fragile X Syndrome

Back 30

Exhibits anticipation. 2nd most common to down syndrome. Inherited intellectual disability ( mental retardation )

Front 31

X-linked Dominant inheritance

Back 31

- rare
- no male to male transmission
- heterozygous females are affected too
- affected fathers will have affected daughters
- can be lethal in utero or in new born period in hemizygous males
- vitamin D resistant rickets , rett syndrome, severe forms of otopaataldigital (OPD) syndrome.

Front 32

Multifactorial Inheritance

Back 32

Caused by the interaction of many genes and environmental factors and are considered to have multifactorial
- sex bias
- pyloric stenosis more common in males, cleft palate more common in females