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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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anthrax patho
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3 known virulence factors
– An antiphagocytic capsule – 2 protein exotoxins – Edema, hemorrhage, tissue necrosis, and a relative lack of leukocytes |
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Spores of Anthrax
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Very resistant and may survive in the environment for
decades in certain soil conditions – Organism does not form spores in living tissue, sporulation occurs only after the infected body has been opened and exposed to oxygen |
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anthrax treatment
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– Ciprofloxacin 400 mg IV q 8 to 12 hr
– Doxycycline 100 mg IV q 12 hr x 4 wks – Vaccination at start of drug therapy |
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Post-exposure = treat for anthrax
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– Oral prophylaxis
Cipro 500 mg po q 12 hr x 4 wks until 3 doses of vaccine is given Doxycycline 100 mg po q 12 h x 4 wks until 3 doses of vaccine |
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PLAGUE manifestation
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Abrupt onset of high fever, painful lymphadenopathy “bubo”,
h.a., chills, N/V, malaise, altered mentation, has possible history of exposure to infected rabbits, fleas, or rodents bacteremia if it gets to respiratory → pneumonic plague (high fever, chills, bloody sputum, SOB) death |
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Plague: Treatment
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Treat aggressively (antibiotics are effective is used within
24 hours) Isolation Streptomycin (drug of choice) Early antibiotics is critical Pneumonic plague is FATAL |
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SMALLPOX caused by
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variola virus
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SMALLPOX (cont.)
Pathophysiology |
Highly infectious by aerosol
– Environmentally stable – Multiplies in respiratory tract – Spread to lymphnodes – Then to dermal blood vessels resulting in skin change→ skin lesion (pox) |
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Smallpox: Treatment
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Supportive Care
Vaccination (2 rings of vaccination around each case) – Vaccine up to 10 years protection – http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/agentlist-category.asp Antiviral? (Cidofovir) Antibiotic therapy for secondary skin lesions infection |
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BOTULISM
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Produce nerve toxin
– Blocks acetylcholine release at the terminal end of presynaptic motor neurons & ANS → flaccid paralysis (including breathing_________) |
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Tularemia: Treatment
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Streptomycin
Tetracyclines (doxycycline) Fluoroquinolones (Cipro, Levaquin) |
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Action of Nerve Agents
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A substance that causes biological effects by
inhibiting acetylcholinesterase resulting in acetylcholine accumulation Effects: excess acetylcholine → cholinergic crisis |
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Nerve Agents: Treatment
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Terminate exposure
Support Airway! Atropine (blocks muscarinic receptors to prevent bronchoconstriction, GI effects) Oxime therapy (available only military personnel) Treat arrythmmias Anticonvulsive therapy (i.e. valium) |
