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23 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define partial pressure. |
thepressure exerted by one gas in a mixture of gases |
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What determines the partial pressure of a gas? |
concentration |
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What does the partial pressure gradient of a gas determine? |
the direction of diffusion |
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Alower than normal oxygen level in the arterial blood is referred to as ______________. |
hypoxia |
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Why is a low level of oxygen in arterial blood detrimental to fitness and health? |
ATP production is reduced |
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A higher than normal carbon dioxide level in the arterial blood is referred to as______________. |
hypercapnia |
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Why is a high level of carbon dioxide in arterial blood detrimental to fitness and health? |
CO2 is acidic |
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In a normal "healthy" lung at rest, what is the typical transit time of blood through the pulmonary capillaries |
0.75 sec |
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During exercise, what happens to blood transit time through the lungs? Approximately how short can transit time get during strenuous exercise? |
it shortens as short as 0.3 sec |
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Approximately how long does it take deoxygenated blood passing through the lungs to get to a PO2 of 100 mmHg? Does this time differ between rest and exercising conditions? |
0.25 sec no |
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What happens to PvO2 with increasing exercise intensity? Why does this happen? |
it decreases cells use more O2 as intensity increases |
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What happens to PvCO2 with increasing exercise intensity? Why does this happen? |
it increases cells produce more CO2 as intensity increases |
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Compared to resting condition, what happens to both PaO2 and PaCO2 during exercise? What is an exception to the answer in the previous question? |
they remain near normal levels elite athletes may become hypoxic at higher heart rates due to further decreased blood transit time through the lungs |
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In relation to gas exchange and exercise, why is the lung a "star"? |
normal, healthy lungs prevent hypoxia and hypercapnia by keeping O2 and CO2 levels under control |
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The atmosphere is a mixture of gases. Write down the percentages for: a. O2 ________ b. CO2 ________ |
21% 0.04% |
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If the atmospheric pressure near the peak of Mt Everest is 260 mmHg, what is the PO2? |
54.6 mmHg |
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Oxygen transport in the blood:______% is bound to hemoglobin and ______% dissolved in plasma. The hemoglobin molecule is composed of _____ globin molecules and _____ heme groups containing iron. What specifically does oxygen bind to? |
99 1 4 4 the iron in the heme groups |
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Withdrawing blood and reinfusing it at a later point in time is referred to as ______________. This can improve ______________exercise performance. It is ______________(legal or illegal). |
blood doping aerobic illegal |
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List three factors that alter oxyhemoglobin saturation under exercising condition and whether they increase or decrease to create this effect. 1. _____ ______________ 2. _____ ______________ 3. _____ ______________ These factors would shift the oxygen-hemoglobin curve to the ______________. This shift means that the affinity of oxygen for Hb is ______________. This phenomenon is referred to as the ______________ effect.How does this effect help the tissues? |
↑ body temperature ↑ CO2 ↓ pH right lower Bohr |
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List the percentages for CO2 transport in the blood: ______% dissolved in plasma ______% combined with hemoglobin ______% converted to bicarbonate ions CO2 is converted to bicarbonate ions in ______________ cells. |
10 20 70 red blood |
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Some athletes believe that breathing 100% oxygen from an artificial tank before competition increases the O2 content of their blood. It this true? Explain. |
no O2 saturation is already at 100% and can't increase any further |
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What are two short-term physiological adjustments to high altitude? What are two long-term adjustments? |
increased heart rate and increased ventilation more red blood cells and angiogenesis |
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Training at a high altitude location (e.g. Colorado) would be more effective at improving VO2max than training at a sea level location (e.g. Toronto). True or false? |
false |
