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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Name three ways a drug may be classified?
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Clinical use, chemical or pharmacological traits, body system affected by the drug
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List at least four ways a drug could be named?
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Chemical name, generic name, official name, brand name
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Define absorption?
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Drug absorption is the movement of drug particles from the site of entry into the blood.
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What factors affect absorption?
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Depends on route of administration, drug solubility, effects of pH at the site of absorption, blood flow to the area, body surface area, and form of drug
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Define distribution?
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Delivery of the medication from the site of administration to the various organs in the body through body fluids, primarily the blood
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What factors affect distribution of drugs in the body?
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Adequacy of local blood flow in target area, permeability of capillaries to the drug molecules, protein-binding capacity of the drug
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Define metabolism?
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Drug metabolism is the deactivation of the drug in the body into a more water-soluble compound that can be excreted from the body
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Where are drugs metabolized?
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Kidneys, liver, GI tract, lungs blood
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What factors affect metabolism?
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Decrease liver function, aging, kidney disease
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Define excretion?
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Ultimate removal of drug molecules from their sites of action and eliminated from the body. Drug continues to act in body until it is fully excreted
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How does absorption differ in children and older adults?
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Immature body systems, lack of gastric acidity- decrease pH, shorter length of intestines, limited muscle mass, declining function of liver and kidneys= toxicity
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What factors affect excretion?
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Impaired renal function
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Differentiate between primary and secondary effects of medications?
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Primary: therapeutic effects those predicted and intended. Secondary: unintended, all other consequences
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What are some symptoms you will see in an anaphylactic reaction?
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Difficulty breathing, wheezes, cool clammy skin, decrease blood pressure, increasing heart rate
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What type of patients are most likely to experience an allergic reaction?
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Patients on multiple meds, with a history of allergic reactions, older adults, sensitivity to other antibiotics
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What type of interaction occurs when one drug interferes with another?
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Antagonist drug
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What interaction occur when on drug has an additive effect on another drug?
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Synergistic
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What is drug incompatibility?
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Drug interactions occurring when two or more drugs are mixed together that cause a chemical deterioration of the drug
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What are the essential parts of a medication order?
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Patients full name, date and time the order was written, name of the medication, dosage-including size-frequency-number of doses, route of administration, signature of prescriber
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How does a medication order differ from a prescription?
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Med order the nurse interprets it, Prescription is filled by a pharmacy
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What are the risks involved for patients who engage in polypharmacy?
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Increases potential for adverse reactions and dangerous drug and food interactions
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What are the six rights?
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Right medication/drug, right patient, right time, right dose, right route, right documentation
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How many times, and when should you check the medication against the MAR?
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Before you pour, mix, or draw up medication, after you prepare the medication and before returning the container to the med cart, at the bedside
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What instructions should you give to a patient who is taking a sublingual medication?
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1. Hold under tongue until it is dissolved 2. Do not chew or swallow
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Explain the special steps required when administrating enteral medications to a patient who is receiving continuous tube feedings?
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1. Disconnect the tube before giving the meds 2. Leave the tube clamped for a few minutes after administrating the medication
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What can a nurse do to disguise the taste of objectionable tasting drugs?
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1. Have patient drink a liberal amount of flavored liquid 2. Have patient suck on ice, store med in refrigerator, use a syringe to place med in back of tongue, offer oral hygiene after giving med
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Define nebulization?
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Production of fine spray, fog, powder, or mist of a liquid drug
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What is the difference between a metered-dose inhaler and a dry powder inhaler?
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1. Patient must push the canister’s pump 2. Patient’s inhalation triggers the device to automatically release dose
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What does the term parenteral mean?
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Means all routes other than oral or rectal (injectable)
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What are the disadvantages of parenteral route?
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Infections, tissue damage, fast onset of medication
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Name two reasons for giving an intradermal injection?
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Allergy tests, TB test
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As a rule, what gauge and length of needle would you use for a subcutaneous injection?
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3/8 to 5/8 inch and small 25-30 gauge
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What angle of injection would you use for a subQ using a 3/8 inch needle?
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90 for 3/8 and 45 for 5/8
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Name four sites for giving intramuscular injections?
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Ventrogluteal, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, deltoid
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