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161 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Cushing's Syndrome -"moon" face with red cheeks -excessive hair growth may be present -increased adrenal cortisol production |
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Nephrotic Syndrome -edematous and pale face -swelling first appears around eyes |
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Myxedema -severe hyperthyroidism -dull, puffy faces, edema pronounced around the eyes, does not pit with pressure -hair and eyebrows are dry, coarse, and thinned -skin is dry |
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Parotid Gland Enlargement -obesity, diabetes, cirrhosis, and other conditions -swelling anterior of ear lobes and above jaw angles
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Parkinson's disease -Michael J Fox -decreased facial mobility blunts expression -decreased blinking and characteristic stare -flexed forward -face becomes oily and drooling may occur |
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Acromegaly -increased growth hormone -enlarged bone and soft tissue (nose, lips, and ears) -features appear generally coarsened, prominent jaw |
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1. Anterior auricular 2. Posterior auricular 3. Occipital 4. Submental 5. Submandibular 6. Tonsillar 7. Superficial Cervical 8. Deep Cervical Chain 9. Posterior Cervical 10. Supraclavicular
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Deviated Trachea |
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Diffuse Enlargement of Thyroid |
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Single Nodule |
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Multi-nodular Goiter |
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Jugular venous distention -different positions indicate different disorders |
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Ptosis -drooping of the upper lid -damage to oculomotor or sympathetic nerve |
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Lid Retraction and Exophthalmos -wide-eyed stare due to retracted lids -exophthalmos: eyelids protrude forward -seen in graves disease, tumor or inflammation -both can be due to hyperthyroidism |
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Entropion -more common in elderly -inward turning of the lid margin
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Ectropion -margin of the lower lid is turned outward -exposes palpebral conjunctiva -causes improper drainage and tearing |
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Pinguecula -harmless yellowish triangle nodule in the bulbar conjunctiva on either see of the iris -aging |
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Episcleritis -localized redness from inflammation of the episcleral vessels -may be nodular or only dilated vessels
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Hordeolum/ Sty -a painful, render red infection in a gland at the margin of the eyelid |
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Chalazion -subacute non-tender and usually painless nodule involving a meibomian gland -points outside the lid |
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Horizontal Defect -occlusion of a branch of the central retinal artery or ischemia of the optic nerve |
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Right eye blindness -lesion of the optic nerve or eye itself |
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Bitemporal Hemianopsia - a lesion at the optic chiasm: only fibers that cross over to the opposite sides |
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Left Homonymous Hemianopsia -lesion in the optic tract: fibers from the same side |
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Homonymous Left Superior Quadrantic Defect -a partial lesion of the optic radiation in the temporal lobe may involve only a portion of the nerve fibers |
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Left homonymous hemianopsia -a complete interruption of fibers in the optic radiation produces a visual defect |
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Xanthelasma -slightly raised, yellowish, well-circumscribed plaques that appear along the nasal portions of one or both eyelids -lipid disorder |
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Dacryocystitis -inflammation of the Lacrimal Sac -redness, painful, tear duct, infection
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Conjuntivitis -swollen, teary, drainage -super contagious |
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Sub Conjunctival Hemorrhage -sudden increase of pressure in eye -heavy lifting or coughing
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Corneal Injury |
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Infection |
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Acute iritis -redness around the iris
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glaucoma -increased interoccular pressure |
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Corneal Arcus -thin grayish white arc or circle around the cornea -aging -in young: hyperlipoproteinemia
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Corneal Scar -a superficial grayish white opacity in the cornea, secondary to an old injury or inflammation |
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Pterygium -a triangular thickening of the bulbar conjunctiva that grows slowly across the outer surface of the cornea |
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Nuclear Cataract -opacities of the lenses visible through the pupil -looks whitish gray surrounded by a black rim (with flashlight) |
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peripheral cataract -spoke like shadows that point inwards -gray against black (flashlight) -black against red (ophthalmoscope) |
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Horner Syndrome -disruption in nerve pathway -the effected pupil, though small, reacts to light and near effort -ptosis of the eyelid is present -Horner syndrome: involved iris is lighter in color |
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Small, Irregular Pupils -accommodate but do not react to light -central nervous system syphilis -Argyll Robertson pupils |
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Equal Pupils and one Blind Eye -light directed to non blind eye causes a response in both -light directed to blind eye causes no response |
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Dysconjugate Gazy -left cranial nerve III paralysis
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Physiologic cupping -small whitish depression in the optic disk -retina vessels appear to emerge |
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Rings and crescents -around the optic disk -developmental variations but are not apart of the disk -you are seeing white sclera or black retinal pigment |
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Medullated Nerve Fibers -irregular white patches with feathered margins -no pathological significance
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Papilledema -venous stasis leads to engorgement and swelling -swollen disk with margins blurred -pink and hyperemic |
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Cotton-wool patches -fluffy white patches on retina -damage to the nerve fibers |
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Glaucomatous Cupping -increased pressure leads to increased cupping or backwards depression of the disc and atrophy |
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Optic Atrophy -death to nerve fiber - loss to the tiny disc vessels |
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Macular Degeneration -loss of central visional field -wet and dry types |
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Normal Fundus of a fair skinned person -pale/ reddish |
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Normal Fundus of a dark skinned person -pronounced reddish or brownish |
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Hypertensive Retinopathy -marked arteriolar-venous crossings changes are seen along interior wall -also cotton wool spot shown |
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Hypertensive retinopathy with macular scar -scattered exudate appears as bursting star |
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Nonproliferative Retinopathy Moderately Severe -little tiny red dots: microaneurysms -white spots: hard exudates |
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Nonproliferative Retinopathy Severe -big red dots: large hemorrhage -white dots: cotton wool patches |
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Keloid -scar tissue |
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Chondrodermatits Helicis -chronically inflamed lesion -tender papule -ulceration and crusting |
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Tophi -uric acid crystals -chronic tophaceous gout |
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Basal Cell Carcinoma -raised, slow-growing nodule -rarely metastasizes -more frequent in fair skinned people over exposes to the sun |
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Cutaneous cyst -slow growing, dome-shaped lump on dermis -epidermoid cyst or pilar cyst |
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Rheumatoid Nodules -chronic rheumatoid arthritis -small lumps on helix or antihelix -ulcerations from repeated injuries |
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normal right ear drum |
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Perforation of the Drum -holes in eardrum usually from infections of the inner ear - can be central* or marginal |
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Tympanosclerosis -chalky white patches with irregular margins |
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Serous Effusion -fluid in the ear -viral upper respiratory infections or sudden change in atmospheric pressure |
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Acute Otitis Media with Purulent Effusion -bacterial infection -eardrum can suddenly rupture |
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Bullous Myringitis -viral infection -painful hemorrhagic vesicles appear on tympanic membrane or the ear canal |
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Angular Cheilitis -inflammation and fissuring of the lips -nutritional deficits, over closure of the mouth, no dentures or no teeth |
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Actinic Cheilitis -swollen scaly lip, loss of normal redness -over exposure to the sun -fair skin people |
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Herpes Simplex -cold sores, fever blisters -small cluster of vesicles -healing within 10-14 days |
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Angioedema -diffuse, non pitting, tense swelling go the dermis and subQ tissues -edema -allergic reaction |
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Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia -small red spots on lips -dilated capillaries |
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Peutz-Jeghers Syndrome -pigmented spots on lips and skin -freckles |
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Chancre of Syphilis -firm, button like lesion that ulcerates and may scab -very infectious -may resemble carcinoma or herpes |
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Carcinoma of the lip -malignant cancer lesion -scaly plaque, ulcer with or without crust, or a nodular lesion -fair skin and prolonged sun exposure |
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Oral Mucosa -line is caused by chewing |
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Aphthous ulcer or canker sore -on labial mucosa -heals in 7-10 days and may recure |
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Geographic Tongue -patches on surface of tongue -appears smooth with raised boarders -unknown cause |
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Hairy Tongue -caused by antibiotics -overgrowth of bacteria |
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Fissured tongue -scrotal tongue -increasing age |
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Smooth tongue -atrophic glossitis -deficiency in riboflavin, niacin, folic acid, vit B12, pyridoxine, or iron -sometimes result from chemotherapy |
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Candidiasis -autoimmune deficiencies |
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Hairy Leukoplakia -white feathery pattern that can not be scraped off -seen in HIV and AIDS patents |
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Varicose Veins |
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Mucous Patch of Syphilis -painless lesion secondary of syphilis -highly infectious |
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Leukoplakia -white patches on tongue -painless, raised, possible malignancy |
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Tori Mandibulares -boney growths of the mouth -typically bilateral and asymptomatic |
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Carcinoma, Floor of the Mouth -ulcerated lesion -redden mucosa suggests malignancy |
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Large Normal Tonsils |
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Exudative Tonsillitis -red throat with white exudates on tonsils -strept. or mono.
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Pharyngitis -redden throats without exudate -can be caused by several bacterial or viral infections |
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Diphtheria -dull throat with gray exudate -airway may become obstructed |
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Thrush on the Palate -candidiasis -treatment with antibiotics or corticosteroids or AIDS -yeast infection |
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Kaposi Sarcoma -AIDS -deep purple colored lesions -may be raised or flat |
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Fordyce Spots (granules) -normal sebaceous glands that appear as small yellowish spots in the buccal mucosa or on the lips |
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Koplik Spots -early stages of measles -small white specks that resemble grains of salt on a red background |
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Petechiae -small red spots that result when blood escapes from capillaries into the tissues -accidental biting of the cheek or infection causing decrease in platelets |
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Leukoplakia -chewing tobacco -thick white patches may lead to cancer |
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Marginal Gingivitis -redden and swollen -plaque -can lead to gingivitis -not brushing teeth |
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Acute Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis -accompanied by fever, malaise, and enlarged lymph nodes -red, painful gums bleed easily, foul breath -adolescence and young adults |
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Gingival Hyperplasia -gums swollen that then cover teeth -causes include Dilantin therapy, puberty, pregnancy, and leukemia
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Pregnancy Tumor (Epulis, pyogenic Granuloma) -localized gingival enlargement -tumor like mass -1% of pregnancy |
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Attrition of Teeth, Recession of Gums -worn down chewing surfaces due to overuse |
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Erosion of Teeth -by chemical action -bulimia |
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Abrasion of Teeth with Notching -biting nails or chipping teeth |
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Hutchinson Teeth -syphilis |
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Flexion -Anterior Deltoid, pectorals major, coracobrachialis, biceps brachii |
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Extension -Latissimus dorsi, trees major, posterior deltoid, triceps brachii |
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Abduction- away -supraspinatus, middle deltoid, serratus anterior |
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Adduction -pectoralis major, coracobrachialis, latissimus dorsi, teres major, subscapularis |
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internal rotation -subscapularis, anterior deltoid, pectorals major, teres major, latissimus dorsi |
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External Rotation -infraspiatus, teres minor, posterior deltoid |
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overall shoulder rotation 1. tests abduction and external rotation 2. tests adduction and internal rotation |
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Acromioclavicular joint -crossover test |
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Rotator cuff -if patient can't hold arm fully abducted at shoulder level then positive test indicating rotator cuff tear -second picture shows a positive test |
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Muscle Strength Tests 1. supraspinatus strength= weakness is positive rotators cuff 2. infraspinatus strength= weakness is possible rotator cuff tear or bicipital tendinitis 3. forearm supination= psi indicates inflammation of the long head of the biceps tendon and possible rotator cuff tear |
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Dislocated Shoulder |
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Elbow flexion -biseps brachii, brachialis, brachioradialis |
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Elbow Extension -Triceps brachii, anconeus |
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Supination -biceps brachii, supinator pronation -pronator teres, pronator quadratus |
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Extension -Flexor carpi radialis, flexor carpi ulnaris Flexion -Extensor carpi ulnaris, extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis |
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Adduction -flexor carpi ulnaris Abduction -flexor carpi radialis |
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Abduction Adduction |
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Flexion extension |
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Abduction and adduction opposition |
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Carpal tunnel test |
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Finger adduction |
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opposition of thumb |
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Acute Rheumatoid Arthritis -chronic inflammation of synovial membranes with secondary erosion of adjacent cartilage and bone -damage to ligaments and tendons -autoimmune |
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Chronic Rheumatoid Arthritis -chronic inflammation of synovial membranes with secondary erosion of adjacent cartilage and bone -damage to ligaments and tendons -autoimmune
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Osteoarthritis -degenerative and progressive loss of cartilage within the joints, damage to underlying bone, and formation of new bone at the margins of the cartilage -degenerative |
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Chronic Tophaceous Gout -deformities of longstanding chronic tophaceous gout -can mimic rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis -metabolic |
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Dupuytren Contracture -thickened plaque overlying the flexor tendon |
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trigger finger -painless nodule in flexor tendon in the palm near the metacarpal tendon |
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Thenar Atrophy -eroding tissue in the hand -suggest carpal tunnel syndrome |
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Ganglion cyst -along the tendon sheaths or joint capsules |
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1. Normal 2. Scoliosis 3. Kyphosis 4. Lordosis
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Spinal Flexion -sternocleidomastoid, scalene, prevertebral muscles |
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Spinal Extension -splenius capitis and cervicis, small intrinsic neck muscles |
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Spinal Rotation -sternocleidomastoid, small intrinsic neck muscles |
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Lateral Bending -scalenes and small intrinsic neck muscles |
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Hip and knee Flexion -Iliopsoas |
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Hip extension -Gluteus Maximus |
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Hip Adduction -adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor magnus, pectineus, gracilis |
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Hip Abduction -gluteus medius and minimus |
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External Rotation -internal and external obturators, quadratus femoris, superior and inferior gemelli |
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Internal Rotation -gluteus medius and minimus |
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Acute Gouty Arthritsi |
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Flat Feet |
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Hallux Valgus -bunions |
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Morton Neuroma |
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ingrown toenails |
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Hammer Toe |
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Corn |
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Callus |
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Plantar Wart |
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Neuropathic Ulcer |
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Subtalar Joint |
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Metatarsophalageal joint |
