Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Popular Sovereignty
|
rule of the people
|
|
|
Representative government
|
Election of government officials
Popular referendums Citizen juries |
|
|
Decentralization of political power
|
Separation of powers
Federalism |
|
|
Social equality
|
Equality before the law
Social, economic rights |
|
|
Democracy in summary...
|
Consensus
Equality Accountability |
|
|
James Madison Federalist Paper #10
|
So strong is this propensity of mankind to fall into mutual animosities, that where no substantial occasion presents itself, the most frivolous and fanciful distinctions have been sufficient to kindle their unfriendly passions and excite their most violent conflicts. But the most common and durable source of factions has been the various and unequal distribution of property. Those who hold and those who are without property have ever formed distinct interests in society.
|
|
|
Civil Rights
|
Freedom of conscience
Freedom of movement Right to due process |
|
|
Individual freedom in summary….
|
Individual choice, constrained by
Public interest, democratic process |
|
|
Personal Privacy
|
Protection from law enforcement, government
Protection from businesses Protection from general public |
|
|
Personal privacy in summary
|
Control over personal information, constrained by:
Freedom of speech, “freedom of information” Public interest, democratic process |
|
|
Artificial Intelligence
|
The ability of machines to mimic human decision-making and learning
|
|
|
Free Will
|
mind is autonomous, shapes brain activity and behavior
|
|
|
Determinism
|
brain activity, environment determines consciousness and behavior
|
|
|
Scientific explanations of behavior
|
biology, psychology, sociology, economics
|
|
|
Arab Spring
|
Mobilization of protesters
Diffusion of revolutionary movements across borders |
|
|
Time-Critical Social Mobilization
|
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
Oct 2009: 10 red hot air balloons scattered across country $40,000 prize |
|
|
Time-Critical Social Mobilization: Goal- understanding
|
Rapid mobilization
“High-quality”, effective networks |
|
|
Time-Critical Social Mobilization - Applications
|
Democratic movements
Emergencies National Security |
|
|
Recursive Incentive Mechanism- MIT team:
$2,000 for individual finding balloon $1,000 for individual that recruited balloon finder $500 for individual that recruited recruiter of balloon finder And so on….. |
Team of 6 people- Recruited 4,400 individuals into network 36 hours before challenge
All balloons found in 8 hours 52 minutes |
|
|
William Ogburn
|
Cultural lag
|
|
|
Non-material Culture
|
Beliefs, norms, social institutions
|
|
|
Material Culture
|
Physical Technology
|
|
|
Non-material Culture <-----> Material Culture
|
Maladjustment
|
|
|
Technology as good and bad for health
|
Increased choice
Changing lifestyles |
|
|
Allostatic load theory
|
Modern life entails relatively low, but stable levels of stress
Less chance for adaptation/recovery from stress |
|
|
Attributes of Bureaucracy (6)
|
Individuals obtain positions based on knowledge and experience
All are subject to the same rules Separation of personal and organizational affairs Explicit lines of authority High task specialization A Society of Organizations |
|
|
bureaucritization
|
job dissatisfaction and a sense of powerlessness (well-diciplined army)
|
|
|
Individual-level (limitation to bureaucracy)
|
the “iron cage” of constraint on individual action
|
|
|
The Iron Law of Oligarchy
|
Large, democratic organizations require:
Representatives with delegated authority Professional administrators Elites within democratic organizations can gain control, use for own interests |
|
|
The Care Economy - causes
|
Increased automation in manufacturing
Aging of population Female workforce participation Increased length of schooling |
|
|
Contemplative vs. Active
|
Many religious traditions emphasize that life is fleeting and that there are more important things than worldly concerns.
|
|
|
Karl Marx
|
“So far philosophers have only interpreted the world. The point, however, is to change it”
|
|
|
Epicurean vs. Ascetic
|
Epicureanism is the idea that the good life is a life of pleasure.
On the other hand, many spiritual and secular ideas of the good life include the idea of pain, suffering and sacrifice, and not necessarily as means to an end |
|
|
Work vs. Play
|
All labor that uplifts humanity has dignity and importance and should be undertaken with painstaking excellence.
|
|
|
WEBER - 2 types of social relationships
|
communal and associational
|
|
|
WEBER - 4 types of legitimation
|
tradition, affectual, value-rational, legal
|
|
|
WEBER - types of domination
|
charismatic, traditional, rational-legal
|
|
|
WEBER - social stratification
|
class, status group, party
|
