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34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Transition into parenthood includes
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*the decisions leading up to parenthood
*the anticipation and preparation during the pregnancy *labor, delivery, and birth * weeks of adjustment after the birth where people learn and practice parenting behaviors |
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Physical changes in pregnancy
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*tiredness
*nausea *backaches *leg cramps *varicose veins *hemmorrhoids *bladder infections *digestive problems *shortness of breath |
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Medications for Childbirth
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*tranquilizers
*analgesics *anesthetics |
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Prepared Childbirth
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*to educate expectant parents about birth process
*to provide group support *to humanize the birth experience in a hospital setting |
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What do prepared childbirth classes focus on?
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*physical factors of labor and childbirth
*excercises to get the body ready to give birth *techniques of relaxation,controlled breathing, concentration, and visualization to manage labor |
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2 common misconceptions about natural childbirth
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*Being informed about birthing techniques does not mean childbirth will be painless
*A woman can't use medication and drugs during the childbirth if she has taken natural childbirth classes |
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Anesthetics
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*reduce the availability of oxygen to the fetus
*deaden sensation |
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Epidural
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most common regional anasthetic and is induced in the lower back
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Spinal
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causes loss of all muscle control in the lower body
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Local anasthetics
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*include paracervical block
*pudendal block which numbs the nerves in the perineum at full dilation before an episiotomy is given |
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Paracervical blocks
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*no longer common since the baby's heart rate is immediately affected and may slow to dangerous levels
*numbs the cervix area |
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Postpartum blues
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*aka baby blues
*anxiety *confusion *insomnia *restlessness *exhaustion *begin on the 3rd or 4th postpartum day *is experienced by 50%-70% childbearing women |
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Postpartum depression
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*a variety of mild to moderate depressive symptoms that arise within 6 months after childbirth
*20% mothers experience: sadness irritability lethargy loss of appetite sleep disturbances lessened sexual interest *if they experience symptoms, seek professional help |
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Postpartum psychosis
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*severe depression resulting in mental illness
*usually begins in the 1st month after delivery *symptoms are euphoria mania psychotic depression hallucination *is commonly misdiagnosed as postpartum blues until symptoms get worse |
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What does early evidence suggest?
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That the arrival of the first child is so disruptive it constitutes a family crisis
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Newborn characteristics
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*average 7 lbs. (between 5 & 10 lbs.)
*20 inches long (most between 18 & 22) *covered with vernix caseosa (oily protection against infection) *some covered w/ lanugo (fuzzy prenatal hair) *head is about 1/4 of the body length and misshapened & elongated *nose is squashed looking *skin may be red & splotchy (stork bite) |
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Crying
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*major form of communication
*parents should find the reason for the cry and solve it |
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Colic
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*is fairly predictable
*begins at age 2-3 weeks *lasts until 3-4 months *affects about 20% of normal full-term infants *extreme fussiness *periods of crying *abdominal discomfort |
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John Bowlby 4 Stages of attachment
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1.preattachment phase (birth - 6 weeks)
2.attachment in the making phase (6 weeks to 6-8 months) 3.Clear Cut attachment phase (7-8 months to about 2 years) 4.Formation of reciprocal relationship (2 years and on) |
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Egocentrism
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the ability to consider another person's point of view
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initiative
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when children are eager to understand adultlike activities and overstep the limits set by parents
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self-efficacy
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a sense of being able to do things on your own
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sleep problems
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*nightmares (bad dream)
*night terrors (partially awake, partially asleep) |
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self-esteem
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child's evaluation of themself
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self-concept
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the cognitive understanding of a person seen from that person's own pov
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social comparison
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self-imposed stress
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Cognitive competence
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parents as coaches to watch, guide,and stay involved but not do activities for the child
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morality
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set of principles to distinguish right or wrong
*3 components are moral affect, moral reasoning, and moral behavior |
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homework
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*a routine for hw should be established
*workspace is needed *organization |
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5 types of school aged children
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*popular
*rejected *neglected *controversial *average |
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Role of parents
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*promote responsible behavior
*Monitor leisure time activities *learn about the child's friends *deal w/ problems at home |
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The Strange Situation (Mary Ainsworth)
attachment |
1 Securely Attached
2 Anxious/ambivalent(upset by separation, not easily comforted upon return) 3 Anxious/avoidant(not upset w/ strangers but upset when alone) 4 disorganized |
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temperament
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how someone responds across different situations
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Transductive Reasoning
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when a child connects unrelated things together. (daddy left because i didn't clean my room)
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