3-Organs In The Abdomen

Front 1

What forms the visceral peritoneum of the gut wall?

Back 1

mesoderm

Front 2

Name the layers of the GI tract?

Back 2

mucosa, submucosa, smooth muscle, serosa

Front 3

Name the foregut derivatives.

Back 3

esophagus, stomach, liver, GB, pancreas, biliary ducts, 1st half of duodenum

Front 4

Name the midgut derivatives.

Back 4

2nd half of duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Front 5

Name the hindgut derivatives.

Back 5

distal 1/3 of transverse colon, descending, colon, sigmoid colon, rectum and upper 2/3 of anal canal

Front 6

Describe the innervation of the upper 1/3 of esophagus.

Back 6

PNS from the nerve of arch IV-cranial nerve X the vagus

Front 7

What type of muscle is the upper 1/3 of esophagus? What is it derived from?

Back 7

skeletal
branchial arches

Front 8

Describe the innervation of the lower 1/3 of esophagus.

Back 8

SNS from thoracic splanchnic nerves

Front 9

What type of muscle is the lower 1/3 of esphagus? What is it derived from?

Back 9

smooth
splanchnic mesoderm

Front 10

What vertebral levels does the esophagus correspond to?

Back 10

C6-T10

Front 11

Which sphincter is located at the gastroesophageal junction?

Back 11

cardiac

Front 12

Which thoracic arterial branches supply the esophagus?

Back 12

inferior thyroid and aorta

Front 13

To what veins does the esophagus drain?

Back 13

inferior thyroid, azygos, hemiazygos & accessory

Front 14

What abdominal arterial branch supplies the esophagus?

Back 14

left gastric artery and inferior phrenic

Front 15

What is the condition when the gastroesophageal junction protrudes through the esophageal hiatus? What can alleviate the pain?

Back 15

hiatal hernia
sitting up from a supine position

Front 16

With portal vein hypertension, blood leading to the portal vein can be shunted to what vein (w/ respect to esophagus)?

Back 16

left gastric vein

Front 17

What is the condition of abnormal contractions at the lower esophagus (abscense of peristalsis)? Which part of the esophagus may atrophy?

Back 17

achalasia
upper esophagus

Front 18

What do parietal cells secrete?

Back 18

HCl and intrinsic factor

Front 19

What do chief cells secrete?

Back 19

pepsinogen

Front 20

In what part of the stomach are the parietal and chief cells?

Back 20

body

Front 21

What part of the stomach are the hormone-secreting cells located?

Back 21

pylorus

Front 22

Where is the primary location of the gastrin's G-cells?

Back 22

pylorus

Front 23

Which sphincter of the stomach (cardiac/pyloric) is a true sphincter?

Back 23

pyloric

Front 24

Does the greater omentum attach to the lesser or greater curvature?

Back 24

greater

Front 25

What is the greater omentum between?

Back 25

greater curvature and transverse colon (gastrocolic ligament)

Front 26

What is the lesser omentum between?

Back 26

lesser curvature and hilar area of liver

Front 27

What are the two ligaments that make up the lesser omentum?

Back 27

hepatoduodenal
hepatogastric

Front 28

Describe the pattern of the rugae in the fundus and body. Is this the same as in the pyloric?

Back 28

criss-cross pattern in fundus and body
linear in pyloric antrum

Front 29

Which branch of the aorta supplies the foregut? What are its branches?

Back 29

celiac
left gastric, common hepatic, splenic

Front 30

What does the left gastric artery supply?

Back 30

fundus, lesser curvature

Front 31

What does the common hepatic artery supply? (with regards to the stomach) What are the branches that provide this blood supply?

Back 31

pylorus & distal greater curvature and body
gastroduodenal artery and right gastoomental artery

Front 32

What does the splenic artery supply w/ regards to the stomach? (which branches provide this blood supply?

Back 32

short gastric A-fundus, proximal greater curvature
left gastroomental A-proximal greater curvature & body

Front 33

What veins does the blood from the stomach drain?

Back 33

splenic & SMV, some directly to portal vein

Front 34

What is the sympathetic innervation of the stomach? What does it regulate?

Back 34

thoracic splanchnic N to and through the celiac plexus
regulates gastric vasculature tone and response to pain

Front 35

What is the PNS of the stomach?

Back 35

gastric branches derived from continuations of the vagal trunks

Front 36

Where is the left vagal trunk found? Right? What causes this?

Back 36

L-anterior
R-posterior
due to rotation of stomach

Front 37

Why is 'trunk' nomeclature of the vagus nerve used below the esophageal level?

Back 37

b/c there is mixing of R&L vagal N, can't tell separation

Front 38

What is located anteriorly to the stomach?

Back 38

left hemidiaphragm

Front 39

What is located posteriorly to the stomach-'bed of stomach'?

Back 39

spleen, gastrosplenic ligament, splenorenal ligament, pancreas, L kidney & suprarenal gland, transverse mesocolon & transverse colon

Front 40

Where are ulcers more common?

Back 40

duodenum

Front 41

Describe a Bilroth-I surgical procedure?

Back 41

removal of antrum and a vagotomy to reduce acid secretion
remaining proximal stomach is reattached to duodenum

Front 42

Describe a Bilroth-II surgical procedure?

Back 42

remain proximal stomach is reattached to jejunum and proximal duodenal segment is closed and left as a blind pouch

Front 43

What side effects can antrectomy & vagotomy lead too?

Back 43

rapid emptying of stomach

Front 44

In the stomach, where is carcinoma most frequent?
Describe how a metastices can travel?

Back 44

pyloric region
pyloric nodes to celiac nodes to main intestinal tunks and thoracic duct

Front 45

Displacement of the gastric bubble toward the right side of the abdominal cavity could indicate what?

Back 45

enlargement of spleen

Front 46

Describe the location of referred pain of the stomach? About what dermatomes?

Back 46

to epigastric region & back
T7&8 dermatomes

Front 47

What is the largest lymphoid tissue mass in the body?

Back 47

spleen

Front 48

What type of cells are present in the spleen?

Back 48

lymphocytes, macrophages, fibroblasts

Front 49

What does the spleen arise from?

Back 49

mesenchymal cells, not endoderm

Front 50

What is the name of enlargemnt of the spleen?

Back 50

splenomegaly

Front 51

What is the location of the spleen? (Quadrant and region and ribs)

Back 51

ULQ, L hypochondriac region
internal to left ribs 9-11

Front 52

Which side of the spleen (medial/lateral) contains the hilum or pedicles)?

Back 52

medial

Front 53

What organ is within the layers of the splenorenal ligament?

Back 53

tail of pancreas

Front 54

Describe the vasculature of the spleen.

Back 54

splenic artery from celiac trunk
splenic vein drains into portal v

Front 55

Describe the innervation of the spleen.

Back 55

splenic nerve plexus from celiac plexus (esp greater thoracic splanchnics), L celiac ganglion & R vagus trunk

Front 56

Is the plexus innervating the spleen primarily parasympathetic or sympathetic?

Back 56

sympathetic

Front 57

What is the pedicle of the spleen medially related to?

Back 57

tail of pancreas

Front 58

What is the spleen lateroposterior to?

Back 58

greater curvature of stomach

Front 59

What is the spleen anterolateral to?

Back 59

L kidney

Front 60

Is the spleen superior or inferior to the L colic flexure?

Back 60

superior

Front 61

What is the L costodiaphragmatic recess between?

Back 61

spleen and lower ribs

Front 62

Describe the pathway of dye if it is injected through a catheter into the celiac trunk.

Back 62

celiac trunk -> splenic artery -> spleen -> splenic vein -> portal vein

Front 63

Where is a needle biopsy of the spleen done?

Back 63

rib 10 passing through costodiaphragmatic recess

Front 64

Describe referred pain of the spleen.

Back 64

rather localized to LUQ