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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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_______ in microbiology means the introduction of bacterial DNA into a bacterium by way of a Bacterial virus (bacteriophage) generalized transduction.________ because only specific genes adjacent to the border of the prophage are transduced.
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- Transduction
- Specialized transduction |
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What is the infectious cycle of vibrio cholerae?
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- ingestion of contaminated food/water --> stomach --> adherence to/penetration of mucus in SI --> adherence to brush border --> colonization/multiplication --> diarrhea (rice water stool)
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How does the vibrio cholerae toxin operon work?
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- under operon there is ctx A (enterotoxin) & ctx B (cell binding protein)
- promoter requires positive regulator that is not encoded on the phage genome --> this also turns on expression of the tcp pious |
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During the lysogeny stages of CTX phage, it adheres to ________ and as this retracts it can inject DNA into bacteria & lysogenize.The cholera toxin genes, ctxA and ctxB are expressed in the________ state.
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- TCP pili
- prophage (these genes are not repressed by the phage repressor) |
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How do the E. coli O157:H7 genes work? When do the shiga toxins become active? Why did kids get sicker when administered antibiotics?
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- the Q protein (antiterminator) that helps to express the Plate genes expresses the shiga toxin genes
- stxA & stxB = shiga toxin genes - become activate after DNA damage b/c RecA will tap & autopreoteolysis with repressor - got sicker when administered antibiotics b/c they induced DNA damage & activated the SOS response & RecA |
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What are some contributing factors to the spread of antibiotic resistance?
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- antibiotics given to farm industry - subtherapeutic doses to make animals bigger
- extensive & inappropriate use - non-compliance |
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phage therapy (& benefits)
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- use of bacteriophages to treat bacterial infections
- can kill Ab resistant phathogens - can treat specific pathogen & not wipe out gut flora |
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why could lysing gram neg. bacteria via phage therapy be bad?
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- endotoxin will be released
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