Reading...
Play button
Play button
Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Where do most neutrophils live?
Where do 5% of neutrophils live? What stage? |
Bone marrow - all stages or maturation
Blood - normally only segmented (mature). Half are marginated. |
|
|
Causes of _____ neutrophilia:
Infection (by _______) Inflammation Physiologic things (____, hormones) |
mature
bacteria stress |
|
|
If infection is the cause of neutrophilia, there are some ____ changes:
_____ granulation Dohle bodies cytoplasmic _________ (scariest) |
toxic
toxic vacuolization |
|
|
Dohle bodies show up ___ and represent ___. Trying to fight infections so need increases in it to make more stuff
|
blue
RER |
|
|
Causes of _____ neutrophilia:
Infection (bacterial) Inflammation Severe ______ Something filling up the ______ |
immature
anemia marrow |
|
|
What are these?
Left shift Leukemoid reaction Leukoerythoblastotic reaction |
3 forms of immature neutrophilia
|
|
|
Left shift means that there are more of what type of neutrophils counted?
|
More band cells, metamyelocytes, and myelocytes (more immature than just seeing segmented neutrophils in blood like you should)
|
|
|
What is a very high neutrophil count with or without marked left shift (looks like leukemia but it's not)
|
Leukemoid reaction
|
|
|
Causes of leukomoid reaction:
Chronic infections (look for ____ changes) Malignancies Severe stresses: metabolic, in_______, in_______ |
toxic
inflammatory infectious |
|
|
What is the reaction that has very early neutrophil precursors and erythroid precursors in the blood?
|
Leukoerythroblastotic reaction (LEBR)
|
|
|
LEBR has 2 types of causes:
_______ (2/3): carcinoma, lymphoma, leukiemia ______ (1/3): anemia, sepsis |
malignant
benign |
|
|
Most lymphoid stem cells in adult are in ____ ______. Growth factors induce differentiation into _, _, and __ cell precursors which go to organs for further processing
|
bone marrow
T B NK |
|
|
Who has the highest lymphocyte count?
Which type of blood lymphocytes is the most common? |
Infants, decreases with age
T cells (60-80%) Can't just look at percentages - need to check actual counts! |
|
|
Mature lymphocytosis has ____-looking cells that are kind of small with _____ chromatin. Way too many of them
|
normal
clumpy |
|
|
Reactive lymphocytosis has ____-looking lymphocytes that are huge with ____ chromatin
|
weird
fine - sign of immaturity Benign, but funny looking |
|
|
Causes of mature lymphocytosis:
Infectious ______ Bordetella pertussis (common name?) Transient ____ |
lymphocytosis (highest neutrophil count)
whooping cough stress |
|
|
Causes of reactive lymphocytosis:
Infectious _______ Pediatric ____ infections Viral _______ ______ disorders |
mononucleosis
viral hepatitis immune |
|
|
Which type of lymphocytes are small cells with lobed nuclei and scant, compact cytoplasm
|
Downey I lymphocytes
|
|
|
Which type of lymphocytes are large cells with copious cytoplasm containing radial striations?
|
Downey II lymphocytes
|
|
|
Which type of lymphocytes are large cells with reticular chromatin?
|
Downey III lymphocytes
|
|
|
Reactive lymphocytosis:
Infectious mono has _____ lymphocytes Pediatric viral infections has Downey _ lymphocytes, proplasmacytes and ____ cells Viral hepatitis also has the proplasma and ____ cells Immune disorders have ____blasts |
Downey (all types)
Downey plasma plasma immunoblasts |
|
|
Benign (left shift) vs Malignant (CML) Leukocytosis:
-Left shift has ____ changes, CML has super high ___ -Left shift has ____ immature cells -CML has ______ -LAP (leukocyte alkaline phosphatase) is normal/increased in ____ and decreased in _____ |
toxic
WBC fewer basophilia left shift CML |
|
|
The best way to differentiate benign neutrophilia from CML is _______
|
cytogenics
|
|
|
The best way to differentiate benign lymphocytosis from CLL is __________
|
immunophenotyping
|
|
|
Reactive (atypical lympos) and Mature (mature lymphos) lymphocytosis are common in _____ people. Which is younger?
CLL is in _____ people and is mono_____ with mature lymphocytes |
young (kid disorders, whooping cough and mono)
younger is mature lymphocytosis (<14) older monomorphous |
|
|
Basophilia is almost always caused by what?
|
CML Chronic myeloid leukemia
|
|
|
Monocytosis may be associated with:
malignancies ________ disease infection |
autoimmune
|
|
|
What is caused by drugs, asthma, skin diseases, parasites?
|
Eosinophilia
|
