3. Htn

Front 1

classes of drugs used in HTN?

Back 1

1) diuretics (thiazides, potassium sparing, loop)
2) SARA
3) vasodilators
4) a1 blockers
5) a2 agonists
6) B blockers
7) nerve terminal blockers
8) ganglionic blockers
9) ACE inhibitors
10) ARBs
11) renin inhibitor
12) Ca channel blockers

Front 2

general adverse effects of antihypertensive drugs?

Back 2

lassitude, dizziness, HA, drowsiness, palpitations

Front 3

antihypertensive DOC for pts with renal disease?

Back 3

vasodilators

Front 4

1) impotence is a problem with what antihypertensive drugs?

2) how do you alleviate this problem?

Back 4

1) alpha-methyl DOPA, clonidine, reserpine, guanethidine

2) give prazosin

Front 5

adverse effects of B blockers?

Back 5

CNS (lethargy, fatigue, insomnia), hypotension, HDL decrease, triglyceride increase, rebound HTN and arrhythmias upon withdrawl

Front 6

other uses of ACE inhibitors?

Back 6

diabetic nephropathy and scleroderma, preserve LV

Front 7

All ACE inhibitors except __ are eliminated via the kidneys. Dose adjustment is necessary for these drugs in renal insufficiency

Back 7

fosinopril and moexipril

Front 8

adverse effects of ACE inhibitors?

Back 8

dry COUGH, rashes, fever, altered taste, HYPERKALEMIA, FETOTOXIC. 1st dose syncope and ANGIOEDEMA (giant hives)

Front 9

route of nicardipine?

Back 9

oral and IV

Front 10

which Ca channel blocker is used to treat subarachnoid hemorrhage rather than HTN?

Back 10

nimodipine

Front 11

which antihypertensive drugs vasodilate, but cause fewer compensatory responses (reflex tachycardia) than direct vasodilators?

Back 11

ACE inhibitors, ARBs, Ca channel blockers

Front 12

adverse effects of verapamil and diltiazem?

Back 12

sinus BRADYCARDIA, reflex sinus tachycardia, transient asystole, AV block, hypotension, syncope, dizziness, flushing, lethargy, drowsiness, HA, fatigue, tinnitus, peripheral edema, constipation, nausea, vomiting, dyspepsia, abdominal pain

Front 13

which have greater effects on vasodilation and coronary flow, verapamil and diltiazem or the dihydropyridines?

Back 13

the dihydropyridines

Front 14

other uses of nifedipine?

Back 14

Prinzmetal's angina, Raynaud, variant angina

Front 15

other uses of verapamil?

Back 15

atrial fibrillation (decreases LV hypertrophy)

(DONT use in pts with depressed cardiac function, HF, or on digoxin)

Front 16

other uses of diltiazem

Back 16

variant angina (relieves coronary vasospasm)

Front 17

adverse effects of nifedipine?

Back 17

PERIPHERAL EDEMA, worsening of angina (reflex tachycardia), MI, dyspnea, wheezing, paresthesia, immune-complex GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, vertigo, visual disturbances, flushing, weakness, HA, syncope, hypotension, palpitations, dizziness, lightheadedness

Front 18

T/F: Prazosin relaxes BOTH arterial and venous smooth muscle.MINIMAL effect on CO, renal blood flow, & GFR. Long-term tachycardia and increased renin release DO NOT OCCUR (but postural hypotension may occur). NO CNS actions. can cause REFLEX TACHYCARDIA and 1st dose syncope

Back 18

T

Front 19

**which antihypertensive drugs can be used in pregnancy?

Back 19

methyl DOPA, clonidine

Front 20

Clonidine and methyl DOPA are useful in Tx of HTN complicated by __ since they do not decrease __ or __

Back 20

renal disease;

renal blood flow; glomerular filtration

Front 21

**which anithypertensive drugs are prodrugs?

Back 21

alpha methyl DOPA, ACE inhibitors (enalapril)

Front 22

adverse effects of methyl DOPA

Back 22

drowsiness, sedation, GYNECOMASTIA HEMATOLOGICAL IMMUNOTOXICITY, agglutinated sheep RBCs (positive Coombs test) that can progress to HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA

Front 23

Adverse effects of clonidine

Back 23

SALT RETENTION, d/c --> REBOUND HTN, sedation, drying of nasal mucosa, aggravates BRADYCARDIA in pts w/ SINUS NODE DYSFUNCTION

Front 24

MOA of vasodilators?

Back 24

1) release NO
2) open K channels --> hyperpolarization
3) block Ca channels

Front 25

**which antihypertensive drug can cause lupus-like syndrome?

Back 25

hydralazine

Front 26

**which antihypertensive drug can cause hypertrichosis?

Back 26

minoxidil

Front 27

direct vasodilators can lead to __ and that's why they should be administered with a B blocker and diuretic

Back 27

reflex tachycardia and salt retention

Front 28

adverse effects of guanethidine?

Back 28

postural hypotension, sexual dysfunction, explosive diarrhea, fatigue

Front 29

** drugs used in hypertensive emergencies

Back 29

STD FLEM
1) sodium nitroprusside
2) diazoxide
3) labetalol and carvedilol
4) trimethaphan
5) fenoldopam
6) methyldopa
7) esmolol

Front 30

metabolism of sodium nitroprusside results in ___, which can be treated with ___

Back 30

cyanide;

sodium thiosulfate

Front 31

other uses of diazoxide?

Back 31

hypertensive encephalopathy and eclamsia

Front 32

which drug is used in elderly or black hypertensive pts, in whom increased peripheral vascular resistance is undesirable?

Back 32

labetalol

Front 33

other uses of trimethaphan?

Back 33

acute aortic dissection, inducing controlled hypotension for neurosurgery

Front 34

which HTN drug can cause an increase in IOP and be use in pts with renal dysfunction?

Back 34

fenoldopam

Front 35

adverse effects of trimethaphan?

Back 35

sympathoplegia (orthostatic hypotension, sexual dysfunction)

parasympathoplegia (constipation, urinary retention, blurred vision, dry mouth)