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16 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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GERD
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Gastroesophagial reflux disease.
Esophageal sphincter doesn't close, chyme backs up. Due to inflammation of sphincter. Protein-pump inhibitor oral medication reduces HCL production so sphincter can recover. |
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Constipation
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Fecal material too long in colon, water is gone, hard & dry.
Plant pectins and cellulose swell when absorb water, give bulk to feces, increases elimination. Can occur because of ignoring defecation reflex. |
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Hemorrhoids
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Enlarged rectal blood vessels. May bleed, bright red (not black like internal bleeding)
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Diverticulitis
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Knob-like sac where inner colon lining protrudes thru lg. intestine wall.
May become infected and inflamed. Swelling may cause diverticulum to burst, releasing bacteria into body cavities. Life threatening. Called Peritonitis. |
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Colon Cancer
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Tumor or polyp develops on colon wall.
Colonoscopy used to detect polyps, remove before they become malignant. |
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Crohn's disease
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Type of inflammatory bowel disease.
Sections of colon have chronic inflammation, may cause colon to narrow and be less flexible. |
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Peptic ulcer
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Forms with erosion of stomach lining; infected with Helicobacter pylori; chronic inflammation.
Positive feedback loop. Mucosa injury triggers release of histamine, increases release of gastric fluid, causes further damage. |
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Diarrhea
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Goblet and other cells release salts and water faster than colon can absorb them.
Nerve and muscle cells may fail in chronic diarrhea. Natural reaction to invasion/irritation. |
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Gingivitis
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Strept. mutans and other bacteria invade tissue around gums, may move to tooth socket (periodontal disease, loose teeth), will continue to mandible, maxilla, etc.
Inflammation tied to heart disease. |
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Food Poisoning
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Often caused by Pseudomonas protist or Salmonella bacteria.
No risk to healthy person, only fever, diarrhea. Dangerous for persons with low immune system, as children, elderly, persons with HIV, etc. |
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Obesity
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>20% for males, >24% for females, is considered obese.
Once formed, adipose cells cannot be gotten rid of. |
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Bulimia
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Psychological disorder, begins with heavy eating and purging thru induced vomiting/laxative consumption.
Chyme erodes tooth enamel (often first found by dentists). Ulceration of esophagus and mouth lining. |
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Anorexia Nervosa
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Psychological disorder, self-induced starvation.
Extreme protein digestion of body tissues, eventually enzymes are digested--body shuts down, soon dies. Signs also include anemia and osteoporosis (reduced bone mass). |
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Kwashiorkor
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Protein deficient diet, reduces muscle mass, depressed immune system, retarded growth.
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Gall stones
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More cholesterol in bile than bile salts can emulsify, lumps of cholesterol block bile duct.
Painful and interferes with digestion. |
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Appendicitis
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Inflammation of appendix. If it bursts, releases coliform bacteria into body cavities. Peritonitis, life threatening.
Sign is rebound pain (pain when pressure is released) in lower right quadrant of abdomen. |
