3--Bone

Front 1

Bone

Back 1

Type of connective tissue, made of matrix and cells, fibers. Forms from cartilage.

Front 2

Osteoblasts

Back 2

Bone-formers, secrete collagen and elastin as well as matrix that hardens when calcium salts are deposited. In lacunae, connected by canaliculi.

Front 3

Central Canal

Back 3

channel carries nerves and blood vessels.

Front 4

Osteocytes

Back 4

Osteoblasts completely surrounded by matrix, stop producing, called osteocytes.

Front 5

Periosteum

Back 5

Surrounds bone when embryo, stimulates osteoblasts to lay down matrix around themselves, replacing cartilage.

Front 6

Human growth hormone

Back 6

Maintains epiphyseal plates of cartilage so that bones can keep elongating.

Front 7

Epiphyseal plates

Back 7

plates of cartilage that allow bone to grow; eventually penetrated by osteoblasts, growth stops.

Front 8

Remodeling

Back 8

Skeleton constantly reshaped.

Front 9

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Back 9

Stimulates osteoclast activity.

Front 10

Osteoclasts

Back 10

Remodeling cells that pull calcium out the bone and puts it into the bloodstream.

Front 11

Calcitonin hormone

Back 11

When calcium levels are stable in blood, hormone triggers osteoblasts to deposit calcium in bone.

Front 12

Joints

Back 12

Synovial
Cartilagenous
Fibrous

Front 13

Synovial Joints

Back 13

Dense connective tissue capsule formed by cartilage covering end bones and ligaments that stabilize joint.
Synovial membrane lines inner surface, releasing lubricating synovial fluid.
Eg, Knee, Hip.

Front 14

Cartilagenous Joints

Back 14

Cartilage fills space between bones, only slight movement possible.
Eg., between vertebrae, ribs.

Front 15

Fibrous Joints

Back 15

Very little to no movement possible. In skull, sutures, harden soon after birth. Hold teeth in bony socket.

Front 16

Osteoporosis

Back 16

Bone tissue is broken down faster than it is deposited. Calcium levels drop in blood, PTH triggers osteoclasts.
Brought on by age, process accelerated by inactivity, smoking, calcium deficiency, vitamin D deficiency.

Front 17

Carpel Tunnel

Back 17

Tendons and median nerve run through cavity in wrist, slide through wrist ligament. When tendons become inflamed and swollen, pressure is put on median nerve = pain.

Front 18

Osteogenesis imperfecto (OI)

Back 18

Genetic disorder. Collagen in bone is defective, causing brittle bones, stunted growth, frequent fractures.

Front 19

Osteosarcoma

Back 19

Cancer in long bones/large joints. Usually from spreading of cancer in another part of the body.

Front 20

Prolapsed Disk

Back 20

AKA herniated/slipped disk.
Intervertebral disk swells/tears/leaks fluid, putting pressure on nerves.

Front 21

Gout

Back 21

Excess uric acid, forms crystals in synovial fluid of joint, often that at the base of teh big toe. May crystallize in other joints or kidneys, causing damage.