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21 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Bone
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Type of connective tissue, made of matrix and cells, fibers. Forms from cartilage.
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Osteoblasts
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Bone-formers, secrete collagen and elastin as well as matrix that hardens when calcium salts are deposited. In lacunae, connected by canaliculi.
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Central Canal
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channel carries nerves and blood vessels.
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Osteocytes
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Osteoblasts completely surrounded by matrix, stop producing, called osteocytes.
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Periosteum
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Surrounds bone when embryo, stimulates osteoblasts to lay down matrix around themselves, replacing cartilage.
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Human growth hormone
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Maintains epiphyseal plates of cartilage so that bones can keep elongating.
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Epiphyseal plates
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plates of cartilage that allow bone to grow; eventually penetrated by osteoblasts, growth stops.
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Remodeling
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Skeleton constantly reshaped.
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Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
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Stimulates osteoclast activity.
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Osteoclasts
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Remodeling cells that pull calcium out the bone and puts it into the bloodstream.
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Calcitonin hormone
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When calcium levels are stable in blood, hormone triggers osteoblasts to deposit calcium in bone.
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Joints
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Synovial
Cartilagenous Fibrous |
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Synovial Joints
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Dense connective tissue capsule formed by cartilage covering end bones and ligaments that stabilize joint.
Synovial membrane lines inner surface, releasing lubricating synovial fluid. Eg, Knee, Hip. |
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Cartilagenous Joints
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Cartilage fills space between bones, only slight movement possible.
Eg., between vertebrae, ribs. |
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Fibrous Joints
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Very little to no movement possible. In skull, sutures, harden soon after birth. Hold teeth in bony socket.
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Osteoporosis
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Bone tissue is broken down faster than it is deposited. Calcium levels drop in blood, PTH triggers osteoclasts.
Brought on by age, process accelerated by inactivity, smoking, calcium deficiency, vitamin D deficiency. |
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Carpel Tunnel
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Tendons and median nerve run through cavity in wrist, slide through wrist ligament. When tendons become inflamed and swollen, pressure is put on median nerve = pain.
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Osteogenesis imperfecto (OI)
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Genetic disorder. Collagen in bone is defective, causing brittle bones, stunted growth, frequent fractures.
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Osteosarcoma
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Cancer in long bones/large joints. Usually from spreading of cancer in another part of the body.
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Prolapsed Disk
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AKA herniated/slipped disk.
Intervertebral disk swells/tears/leaks fluid, putting pressure on nerves. |
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Gout
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Excess uric acid, forms crystals in synovial fluid of joint, often that at the base of teh big toe. May crystallize in other joints or kidneys, causing damage.
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