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13 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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food procurement
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main limiting factor on carrying capacity of humans; how much you can get and how do you get it
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subsistence
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survival
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subsistence technology
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tools/knowledge and techniques of survival; housing, clothing, medicine, defense, FOOD
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subsistence pattern
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the subsistence technology by which a culture gets most of its calories; hunting-gathering, horticulture, intensive agriculture, industrialism, pastoralism
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hunting-gathering
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systematic collection of wild plants and animals; like the BAKA tribe; the only way humans got food for most of human history; 14,000 years ago; domesticated dogs helped to hunt; food foraging; food collecting; located where land is not suitable for farming, too wet to grow crops; 28.4 people/group; need immense resource abundance; work 19.1 hrs/week; many affairs; eat everything; healthiest people; nomadic
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horticulture
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simple gardening; 12,000 years ago; domesticated plants; hortis = garden, culture = digging up soil; 1) where fields are not used permanently, 2) no soil or water improvement, 3) simple hand tools, mainly ax/digging stick; rain forest; work 26 hrs/week; slash-and-burn; shifting-cultivation; extensive-cultivation; 3,000-5,000 cultures; Yanomamo; eat root-crops; hunt; free-time = warfare
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intensive agriculture
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complex farming where 1.) fields are used permanently, 2.) there is soil and water improvement, 3.) animals help one to grow crops, plough; greater populations because of more crops available; intensive cultivation; eat grain (grass); contains a lot of protein so hunting needs are less; larger groups = higher chances to pass disease (animals included); have more food security; 500-1,000/group
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industrialism
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farming relying on machines; industrialized agriculture;; eat grain; 200 years ago; after WW2 we started getting more calories but before that we used plough; millions/group
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pastoralism
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reliance on herding animals for food; emerged at different times because of different availability and domestication of animals; eat dairy, meat; nomadic
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economics
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how goods and services are produces, distributed, and consumed; access, production, exchange, and consumption
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access
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access to raw materials; on land; land tenure
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land tenure
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how the rights to the use of land are held; affected by history (slavery plantations);
h+g - use hort. - family group int agr. - individual ownership ind. - individual ownership |
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production
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conversion of raw materials into usable form
1) subsistence technology: shows changes in complexity by number of steps 2) division of labor: how tasks are divided up |
