2Vm - Pathology - Test Iii - Pathology Of Joint Disease

Front 1

5 examples of non-inflammatory joint disease

Back 1

- Osteoarthritis
- Traumatic joint disease
- Subluxations/luxations
- Menescal disorder
- Developmental joint disease

Front 2

Two examples of inflammatory joint disease

Back 2

Infectious arthritis
Noninfectious arthritis

Front 3

4 causes of infectious arthritis

Back 3

Bacterial
Mycoplasmal
Viral
Other agents

Front 4

5 histologic zones of articular cartilage

Back 4

- Tangential
- Transitional
- Radial
- Zone of calcified cartilage
- Subchondral bony plate

Front 5

Which two histologic zones of articular cartilage make up the articular surface?

Back 5

- Tangential
- Transitional

Front 6

What provides orderly framework to articular cartilage?

Back 6

Type II Collagen fibers

Front 7

Two functions of Type II collagen fibers in articular cartilage

Back 7

- Anchors amorphous matrix and chondrocytes
- Provides toughness to articular surface

Front 8

3 functions of water in cartilage matrix

Back 8

- Transports nutrients
- Provides resiliency
- Boosts lubrication of joint

Front 9

Two parts of the bone that act as shock absorbers for weight-bearing forces

Back 9

- Subchondral cancellous bone
- Epiphyseal spongiosa

Front 10

Which cell type in the articular cartilage performs phagocytic functions?

Back 10

A-synoviocytes

Front 11

Which cell type in the articular cartilage secretes hyaluronate?

Back 11

B-synoviocytes

Front 12

Two things joint fluid is made up of

Back 12

- Ultrafiltrate of blood
- Hyaluronate

Front 13

3 functions of joint fluid

Back 13

- Nourish
- Lubricate
- "Reduce friction b/t collagen fibers in fibrous joint capsule" (sooo, lubricate?)

Front 14

Which type of DJD is idiopathic?

Back 14

Primary DJD

Front 15

3 characteristics of primary DJD

Back 15

- Idiopathic
- Age-related
- Chronic progressive

Front 16

Which DJD affects large paired, major weight-bearing joints?

Back 16

Primary DJD

Front 17

Which DJD type has an insidious onset?

Back 17

Primary DJD

Front 18

Which DJD type has a slow progression?

Back 18

Primary DJD
Secondary DJD

Front 19

Which DJD type has a fast progression?

Back 19

Secondary DJD

Front 20

Which DJD affects animals of any age?

Back 20

Secondary DJD

Front 21

Two predisposing factors to secondary DJD

Back 21

- Joints of repetitive injury
- Joints with preexisting disease

Front 22

Which DJD type affects paired bones?

Back 22

Primary DJD
- Secondary DJD can, but doesn't have to

Front 23

8 stereotyped changes to joints affected by DJD

Back 23

- Degeneration of articular cartilage
- Fibrillation
- Eburnation
- Subchondral cyst formation
- Lipping (remodeling of joint margins)
- Enthesophyte formation
- Chronic synovitis
- Fibrosis of joint capsule

Front 24

3 microscopic representations of degeneration of articular cartilage

Back 24

- Loss of proteoglycan
- Disruption of collagen fibers
- Variable loss of tangential and transitional zones of articular cartilage

Front 25

Microscopic appearance of fibrillation

Back 25

Linear splitting of collagen fibers in radial zone

Front 26

Microscopic appearance of eburnation

Back 26

Begins as loss of radial zone, transitioning to exposure of calcified cartilage

Front 27

How does mechanical damage or trauma to articular cartilage cause cartilage degeneration in DJD?

Back 27

Repetitive trauma directly damages chondrocytes, causing them to increase rates of release of cartilage matrix degrading enzymes

Front 28

How does synovitis play a role in initiating articular cartilage damage in DJD?

Back 28

Debris from deteriorating joint surfaces can't be cleared and causes congestion of capillaries as well as release of enzymes and cytokines that degrade the cartilage matrix

Front 29

Pathogenesis of the 'vicious cycle of DJD'

Back 29

Debris from degenerating articular surface elicits synovial inflammation, which depresses proteoglycan synthesis and promotes further cartilage degeneration by activation of destructive enzymes

Front 30

What ultimately acts as a shock absorber for the bone?

Back 30

Cancellous bone of the epiphysis

Front 31

What occurs when excessive, repetitive forces are brought to bear on the subchondral bone in racing horses?

Back 31

Subchondral bone sclerosis

Front 32

What type of response is subchondral bone sclerosis?

Back 32

Adaptive

Front 33

What is the cause of subchondral cyst formation that affects young horses?

Back 33

'Scoring' or 'wearing-lines'
- Less common

Front 34

Pathogenesis of how 'scoring' causes subchondral cysts

Back 34

Scoring can cause rupture of vascular beds, which activates osteoclasts that remove bone to form the cavity of the cyst while osteoblasts form the cyst wall

Front 35

What is the cause of subchondral cyst formation that affects mature horses?

Back 35

Cracks in subchondral bone resulting from unrepaired microfractures

Front 36

2 subchondral bone cysts unrelated to DJD

Back 36

- OCD-related
- Osteomyelitis related

Front 37

Two main processes that form periarticular osteophytes

Back 37

- Lipping
- Enthesophyte formation

Front 38

What's a major source of bone chips in the distal radius?

Back 38

Fragmentation of the lip along the dorsal rim of proximal P1

Front 39

What lines the synovial lining of chronically inflamed joints?

Back 39

Hypertrophic villi

Front 40

What can be confused on radiographic exam for chip fractures of the articular margin?

Back 40

Synovial chondromas

Front 41

What does the fibrous layer of the joint capsule undergo if the inflammatory process in synovium is chronic?

Back 41

- Hyperemia
- Edema

Front 42

What might edema of a chronically inflamed joint capsule result in? (2)

Back 42

- Permanent thickening of fibrous layer of the joint capsule
- Reduction in the normal range of motion

Front 43

What's the name given to pastern joint fusion?

Back 43

High ringbone

Front 44

What's the name given to distal interphalangeal joint fusion?

Back 44

Low ringbone

Front 45

What's the name given to fusion of distal intertarsal and tarsometatarsal joints?

Back 45

Bone spavin