2Vm - Pathology - Test Iii - Pathogenesis Of Bone Infection

Front 1

Term for bone infection

Back 1

Osteomyelitis

Front 2

Term for joint infection

Back 2

Infectious arthritis

Front 3

Two infectious joint patterns exhibited by young animals that are septicemic

Back 3

- Polyostotic pattern osteomyelitis
- Polyarthritic pattern of infectious arthritis

Front 4

Definition of osteomyelitis

Back 4

Acute or chronic septic inflammation of the bone organ involving cortical compacta and spongiosa

Front 5

Inflammation of the epiphyseal region of the bone or of the physis

Back 5

Epiphysitis

Front 6

What does 'septic physitis' describe?

Back 6

Hematogenous osteomyelitis centered on metaphyseal growth plate or physis of long bones

Front 7

Two species where hematogenous bacterial infection is common

Back 7

- Foals
- Calves

Front 8

Three terms for a noninfectious metabolic disorder of physes in horses

Back 8

- Epiphysitis
- Physeal dysplasia
- Aseptic physitis

Front 9

Two age groups that Epiphysitis in horses affects

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- Foals and Weanlings
- Older immature horses (<2 years)

Front 10

Where are the lesions of Epiphysitis in horses located?

Back 10

Most rapidly growing physes

Front 11

What might Epiphysitis in horses cause in foals and weanlings?

Back 11

Angular limb deformities

Front 12

What does Epiphysitis in horses resolve?

Back 12

When the physes closes
- Self-limiting

Front 13

Term for inflammation of vertebra

Back 13

Spondylitis

Front 14

Term for a destructive inflammatory and proliferative bone lesion involving the intervertebral discs

Back 14

Diskospondylitis

Front 15

Term for an outgrowth from the surface of a bone organ

Back 15

Osteophyte

Front 16

Term for a bony outgrowth from the surface of a bone organ arising within an enthesis and covered by dense CCT of the enthesis

Back 16

Enthesophyte

Front 17

Term for a fragment of infected dead bone

Back 17

Sequestrum

Front 18

What species does diskospondylitis occur almost exclusively in?

Back 18

Dogs

Front 19

Term for a newly formed sclerotic wall of reactive bone that attempts to isolate the site of bone infection as it encircles the sequestrum

Back 19

Ivolucrum

Front 20

3 terms synonoymous with osteomyelitis

Back 20

- Sequestrum
- Involucrum
- Sinus tract or Cloaca

Front 21

Two patterns of skeleton involvement in osteomyelitis

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- Hematogenous
- Implantation

Front 22

When does hematogenous localization of infectious agents occur?

Back 22

Bacteremia/septicemia

Front 23

Two species that have a high frequency of hematogenous osteomyelitis

Back 23

- Calves
- Foals

Front 24

3 things that affect whether a small or large sized species will be affected by hematogenous osteomyelitis

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- Environmental factors
- Management factors
- Dependency on colostrum

Front 25

What limits the spread of infection of bones in kittens and puppies?

Back 25

Lack of transphyseal capillaries

Front 26

Where does hematogenous osteomyelitis occur in mature dogs?

Back 26

Predisposed locations of chronic bone or joint disease where there is on-going chronic injury and repair resulting in neocapillarization

Front 27

3 sources of bacteria in older dogs suffering from osteolytic changes in hip dysplasia

Back 27

- Chronic gingivitis
- Chronic cystitis
- Chronic prostatitis

Front 28

What is hematogenous osteomyelitis most common in?

Back 28

Neonates of large animals

Front 29

Why is hematogenous osteomyelitis more common in large animals?

Back 29

- Poor management when there is failure of the neonates to receive adequate colostrum in bacterial contaminated environments

Front 30

What pattern do skeletal lesions of hematogenous osteomyelitis display?

Back 30

Polyostotic pattern with tendency of monostotic involvement as the neonate grows

Front 31

What is the radiographic appearance of damage to bones affected by hematogenous osteomyelitis in foals and calves?

Back 31

Mirror-image destructive lesion on opposite sides of the physis

Front 32

4 factors associated with hematogenous localization of microbial agents in primary spongiosa of the metaphysis and subchondral cancellous bone of long bones in young of all domestic animal species

Back 32

- Dense vascular bed
- End arterioles
- Tips of vascular loops
- Sinusoids

Front 33

4 early events in the initiation of infection

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- Bacteria adhere to damaged endothelium of blood vessels where laminin of the BM is exposed
- Form slime layer of extrapolysaccharide polymers
- Bacteria in the slime layer use products to form a biofilm
- Surfaces of dead bone provide substratum for bacterial attachment

Front 34

2 things the slime layer of extrapolysaccharide polymers provides to bacteria

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- Better attachment to endothelial surface
- Additional surface for colonization

Front 35

3 things the bacteria in the biofilm are protected from

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- Antibiotics
- Antibodies
- Host inflammatory cells

Front 36

How is infectious osteomyelitis treated and what does the procedure detail?

Back 36

Curettage
- Draining of lesion and treatment with systemic AB

Front 37

5 common portals of entry for osteomyelitis

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- Puncture wound
- Open fractures
- Accidental introduction during surgery
- Extension of an infection from an adjacent area of soft tissue infection
- Extension of agents in infectious arthritis into adjacent epiphyseal spongiosa

Front 38

3 possible fates of the bone once organisms have established a focus of infection

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- Walling off of an agent of low grade virulence in formation of a bone abscess
- Diffuse spread
- Vascular invasion with hematogenous spread

Front 39

In which two species does intact cartilage act as a barrier to infectious spread?

Back 39

- Dogs
- Cats

Front 40

Histologic appearance of acute suppurative osteomyelitis

Back 40

Acute purulent inflammatory cell exudate

Front 41

Two histologic appearances of chronic osteomyelitis

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Nonsuppurative
- Composed of MP, lymphocytes, and plasma cells with pockets of suppurative inflammation

Front 42

Two things that normal bone morphology is altered by

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- Inflammatory response that mediates both destruction of dead and dying infected bone tissue and reactive bone formation
- Disuse atrophy

Front 43

What is the original bone architecture at the site of osteomyelitis replaced with?

Back 43

Poorly vascularized, fibro-osseous tissue containing various amounts of walled-off exudate

Front 44

Reason for using curettage in treatment of osteomyelitis

Back 44

Lack of vascularity coupled with areas of walled off infection makes it difficult for systemic AB therapy to reach sequestered microbial organisms