2Nd Set Dsm-Iv-Tr

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Hyperacusis

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Painful sensitivity to sounds

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Hypersomnia

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Excessive sleepiness, as evidenced by prolonged nocturnal sleep, difficulty maintaining an alert awake state during the day, or undesired daytime sleep episodes

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Ideas of reference

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The feeling that casual incidents and external events have a particular and unusual meaning that is specific to the person. this is to be distinguished from a delusion of reference, in which there is a belief that is held with delusional conviction

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Illusion

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A misperception or misinterpretation of a real external stimulus, such as hearing the rustling of leaves as the sound of voices

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Incoherence

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Speech or thinking that is essentially incomprehensible to others because words or phrases are joined together without a logical or meaningful connection. This disturbance occurs within clauses, in contrast to derailment, in which the disturbance is between clauses. this has sometimes been referred to as "word salad" to convey the degree of linguistic disorganization. Mildly ungrammatical constructions or idiomatic usages characteristic of particular regional or cultural backgrounds, lack of education, or low intelligence should not be considered incoherence. The term is generally not applied when there is evidence that the disturbance in speech is due to an aphasia

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Insomnia

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A subjective complaint of difficulty falling or staying asleep or poor sleep quality. types of insomina include:

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initial insomnia

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difficulty in falling asleep

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middle insomnia

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Awakening in the middle of the night followed by eventually falling back to sleep, but with difficulty

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terminal insomnia

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Awakening before one's usual waking time and being unable to return to sleep

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intersex condition

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a condition in which an individual shows intermingling, in various degrees, of the characteristics of each sex, including physical form, reproductive organs, and sexual behavior.

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macropsia

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The visual perception that objects are larger than they actually are

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magical thinking

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The erroneous belief that one's thoughts, words, or actions will cause or prevent a specific outcome in some way that defies commonly understood laws of cause and effect. magical thinking may be a part of normal child development.

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micropsia

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The visual perception that objects are smaller than they actually are

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mood

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A pervasive and sustained emotion that colors the perception of the world. Common examples of mood include depression, elation, anger and anxiety. In contrast to affect, which refers to more fluctuating changes in emotional "weather", mood refers to a more pervasive and sustained emotional "climate"
Types of mood

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Type of mood:
Dysphoric

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an unpleasat mood, such as sadness, anxiety, or irritability

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Type of mood:
Elevated

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an exaggerated feeling of well-being, or euphoria or elation. A person with elevated mood may describe feeling "high", "ecstatic", "on top of the world," or "up in the clouds."

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Type of mood:
Euthymic

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Mood in the "normal" range, which implies the absence of depressed or elevated mood

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Type of mood:
Expansive

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Lack of restraint in expressing one's feelings, frequently with an overvaluation of one's significance or importance

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Type of mood:
Irritable

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Easily annoyed and provoked to anger

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mood-congruent psychotic features

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Delusions or hallucinations whose content is entirely consistent with the typical themes of a depressed or manic mood. if the mood is depressed, the content of the delusions or hallucinations would involve themes of personal inadequacy, guilt, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment. The content of the delusion may include themes of persecution if these are based on self derogatory concepts such as deserved punishment. If the mood is manic, the content of the delusions or hallucinations would involve themes of inflated worth, power, knowledge, or identity, or a special relationship to a deity or a famous person. The content of the delusion may include themes of persecution if these are based on concepts such as inflated worth or deserved punishment.

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mood-incongruent psychotic features

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Delusions or hallucinations whose content is not consistant with the typical themes of a depressed or manic mood. In the case of depression, the delusions or hallucinations would not involve themes of personal inadequacy, guild, disease, death, nihilism, or deserved punishment. In the case of mania, the delusions or hallucinations would not involve themes of inflated worth, power, knowledge or identity, or a special relationship to a deity or a famous person. Examples of mood-incongruent psychotic features include persecutory delusions (without self-derogatory or grandiose content), thought insertion, thought broadcasting, and delusions of being controlled whose content has no apparent relationship to any of the themes listed above

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Nystagmus

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involuntary rhythmic movements of the eyes that consist of small amplitude rapid tremors in one direction and a larger, slower, recurrent sweep in the opposite direction. Nystagmus may be horizontal, vertical or rotary

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Overvalued idea

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an unreasonable and sustained belief that is maintained with less than delusional intensity (i.e., the person is able to acknowledge the possibility that the belief may not be true." the belief is not one that is ordinarily accepted by other members of the person's culture or subculture

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Panic attacks

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Discrete periods of sudden onset of intense apprehension, fearfulness, or terror, often associated with feelings of impending doom. During these attacks, there are symptoms such as shortness of breath or smothering sensations; palpitations, pounding heart, or accelerated heart rate; chest pain or discomfort; choking; and fear of going crazy or losing control. Panic attacks may be unexpected (uncued), in which the onset of the attack is not associated with situational trigger and instead occurs "out of the blue". situationally bound, in which the panic attack almost invariably occurs immediately on exposure to, or in anticipation of, a stimulation trigger ("cue"); and situationally predisposed, in which the panic attack is more likely to occur on exposure to a situational trigger but is not invariably associated with it

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Paranoid ideation

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Ideation, of less than delusional proportions, involving suspiciousness or the belief that one is being harassed, persecuted, or unfairly treated

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Parasomnia

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Abnormal behavior or physiological events occurring during sleep or sleep-wake transitions

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Personality

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Enduring patterns of perceiving, relating to, and thinking about the environment and oneself. Personality traits are prominent aspects of personality that are exhibited in a wide range of important social and personal contexts. Only when personality traits are inflexible and maladaptive and cause either significant functional impairment or subjective distress do they constitute a Personality Disorder

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Phobia

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A persistent, irrational fear of a specific object, activity, or situation (the phobic stimulus) that results in a compelling desire to avoid it. This often leads either to avoidance of the phobic stimulus or to the enduring it with dread

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Pressured speech

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Speech that is increased in amount, accelerated, and difficult or impossible to interrupt. Usually it is also loud and emphatic. Frequently the person talks without any social stimulation and may continue to talk even though no one is listening

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Prodrome

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An early or premonitory sign or symptom of a disorder

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Psychomotor agitation

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see agitation

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Psychotic

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This term has historically received a number of different definitions, none of which has achieved universal acceptance. The narrowest definition of psychotic is restricted to delusions or prominent hallucinations, with the hallucinations occurring in the absence of insight into their pathological nature. A slightly less restrictive definition would also include prominent hallucinations that the individual realizes are hallucinatory experiences. Broader still is a definition that also includes other positive symptoms of Schizophrenia (i.e., disorganized speech, grossly disorganized or catatonic behavior). Unlike these definitions based on symptoms, the definition used in DSM-II and ICD-9 was probably far too inclusive and focused on the severity of functional impairment, so that a mental disorder was termed psychotic if it resulted in "impairment that grossly interferes with the capacity to meet ordinary demands of life." Finally, the term has been defined conceptually as a loss of ego boundaries or a gross i

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Residual phase

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The phase of an illness that occurs after remission of the florid symptoms or the full syndrome

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Sex

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A person's biological status as male, female, or uncertain. Depending on the circumstances, this determination may be based on the appearance of the external genitalia or on karyotyping

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Sign

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An objective manifestation of a pathological condition. Signs are observed by the examiner rather than reported by the affected individual

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Stereotyped movements

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Repetitive, seemingly driven, and nonfunctional motor behavior (e.g. hand shaking or waving, body rocking, head banging, mouthing of objects, self biting, picking at skin or body orfices, hitting one's own body.)

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Stressor, psychosocial

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Any life event or life change that may be associated temporally (and perhaps causally) with the onset, occurrence or exacerbation of a mental disorder

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Stupor

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A state of unresponsiveness with immobility and mutism

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Symptom

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A subjective manifestation of a pathological condition. Symptoms are reported by the affected individual rather than observed by the examiner

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Syndrome

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A grouping of signs and symptoms, based on their frequent co-occurrence, that may suggest a common underlying pathogenesis, course, familial pattern, or treatment selection

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Synesthesia

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A condition in which a sensory experience associated with one modality occurs when another modality is stimulated, for example, a sound produces the sensation of a particular color.

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Tic

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An involuntary, sudden, rapid, recurrent, nonrhythmic, stereotyped motor movement or vocalization

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Transsexualism

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Severe gender dysphoria, coupled with a persistent desire for the physical characteristics and social roles that connote the opposite biological sex