2Nd Part Of Chapter 15

Front 1

Ewing sarcoma

Back 1

Malignant bone tumor

Front 2

exostosis

Back 2

Bony growth arising from the surface of a bone (ex-means out, -ostosis means condition of bone)

Front 3

fracture

Back 3

Traumatic breaking of a bone

Front 4

osteogenic sarcoma

Back 4

Malignant tumor arising from bone (osteosarcoma)

Front 5

osteomalacia

Back 5

Softening of bone, with inadequate amounts of mineral (calcium) in the bone

Front 6

Osteomyelitis

Back 6

Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow secondary to infection

Front 7

osteoporosis

Back 7

Decrease in bone density (mass): thinning and weakening of bone

Front 8

talipes

Back 8

Congenital abnormality of the hindfoot (involving the talus)

Front 9

Bursae
singular: (bursa)

Back 9

are closed sacs of synovial fluid lined with a synovial membrane and are located near but not within a joint

Front 10

tendons

Back 10

connective tissue that connects a muscle to bone

Front 11

ligaments

Back 11

connective tissue binding bone to bone

Front 12

articulation

Back 12

joint

Front 13

bursa (plural: bursae

Back 13

Sac of fluid near a joint: promotes smooth sliding of one tissue against another.

Front 14

ligament

Back 14

Connective tissue binding bones to other bones: supports, strengthens, and stabilizes the joint.

Front 15

suture joint

Back 15

Joint in which apposed surfaces are closely united: motion is minimal.

Front 16

synovial cavity

Back 16

Space between bones at a synovial joint: contains synovial fluid produced by the synovial membrane

Front 17

synovial fluid

Back 17

Viscous (sticky) fluid withing the synovial cavity. Synovial fluid is similar in viscosity to egg white: this accounts for the origin of the term (syn-means like, ov/o means egg).

Front 18

synovial joint

Back 18

a freely movable joint.

Front 19

snynovial membrane

Back 19

Membrane lining the synovial cavity: it produces synovial fluid.

Front 20

tendon

Back 20

Connective tissue that binds muscles to bones.

Front 21

ankyl/o

Back 21

stiff

Front 22

ankylosis

Back 22

a fusion of bones across a joint space by either bony tissue (bony ankylosis) or growth of fibrous tissue (fibrous ankylosis). This immobility and stiffening of the joint most often occurs in rheumatoid arthritis

Front 23

arthr/o

Back 23

joint

Front 24

arthroplasty

Back 24

replacement arthroplasty is the replacement of one or both bone ends by a prosthesis (artificial part) of metal or plastic.

Front 25

arthrotomy

Back 25

define:

Front 26

hemarthrosis

Back 26

define:

Front 27

hydrarthrosis

Back 27

synovial fluid collects abnormally in the joint

Front 28

polyarthritis

Back 28

define:

Front 29

articul/o

Back 29

joint

Front 30

articular cartilage

Back 30

define:

Front 31

burs/o

Back 31

bursa

Front 32

bursitis

Back 32

condition may be related to stress placed on the bursa or to diseases such as gout or rheumatoid arthritis.

Front 33

chondr/o

Back 33

cartilage

Front 34

achondroplasia

Back 34

This is an inherited condition in which the bones of the arms and legs fail to grow to normal size because of a defect in cartilage and bone formation. Dwarfism occurs, with short limbs and a normal sized head and trunk

Front 35

chondroma

Back 35

define:

Front 36

chondromalacia

Back 36

chondromalacia patellae is a softening and roughening of the articular cartilaginous surface of the nee cap. Resultin in pain, a grating sesations, and mechnical catching behind the patella.

Front 37

ligament/o

Back 37

ligament

Front 38

ligamentous

Back 38

define:

Front 39

rheumat/o

Back 39

watery flow

Front 40

rheumatologist

Back 40

various forms of arthritis are marked by collection of fluid in joint spaces

Front 41

synov/o

Back 41

synovial membrane

Front 42

ten/o

Back 42

tendon

Front 43

tenorrahaphy

Back 43

define:

Front 44

tenosynovitis

Back 44

synov/o here refers to the sheath (covering) around the tendon

Front 45

tendin/o

Back 45

tendon

Front 46

tendinitis

Back 46

inflammation of the tendon

Front 47

-desis

Back 47

to bind, tie together

Front 48

arthrodesis

Back 48

Bones are fused across the joint space by surgery (artificial ankylosis), This operation is performed when a joint is very painful, unstable, or chronically infected.

Front 49

-stenosis

Back 49

narrowing

Front 50

spinal stenosis

Back 50

Narrowing of the neural canal or nerve root canals in the lumbar spine. Symtoms (pain, paresthesias, urinary retention, bowel incontinence) come from compresion of the cauda equina (nerves that spread out from the lower end of the spinal cord like a horse's tail).

Front 51

arthritis

Back 51

inflammation of joints.

Front 52

ankylosing spondylitis

Back 52

chronic, progressive arthritis with stiffening of joints, primarily of the spine.

Front 53

gouty arthritis

Back 53

Inflammation of joints caused by excessive uric acid in the body.

Front 54

osteoarthritis (OA)

Back 54

progressive, degenerative joint disease characterized by loss of articular cartilage and hypertrophy of bone(formation of osteophytes, or bone spurs) at articular surfaces.

Front 55

rheumatoid arthritis (ra)

Back 55

Chronic disease in which joints become inflamed and painful. It is believed to be caused by an immune ( autoimmune) reaction against joint tissues, particularly against the synovial membrane.

Front 56

bunion

Back 56

Abnormal swelling of the medial aspect of the joint between the big toe and the first metatarsal bone

Front 57

carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)

Back 57

compression (by a wrist ligament) of the median nerve as it passes between the ligament and the bones and tendons of wrist (the carpal tunnel)

Front 58

dislocation

Back 58

Displacement of a bone from its joint

Front 59

ganglion

Back 59

A fluid-filled cyst arising from the joint capsule or a tendon in the wrist.

Front 60

herniation of an intervertebral disk

Back 60

Abnormal protrusion of a fibrocartilaginous intervertebral disk into the neural canal or spinal nerves

Front 61

lyme disease

Back 61

a recurrent disorder marked by severe arthritis, myalgia, malaise, and neurologic and cardiac symptoms

Front 62

sprain

Back 62

Trauma to a joint with pain, swelling, and injury to ligaments

Front 63

systemic lupus erthematosus

Back 63

chronic inflammatory diseas involving joints, skin, kidneys, nervous system, heart, and lungs.

Front 64

striated muscles

Back 64

also called voluntary or skeletal muscles

Front 65

fascia

Back 65

fibrous tissue that envelops and separates muscles

Front 66

Cardiac muscle

Back 66

is striated in appearance but is like smooth muscle in its action. Its movement cannot be consciously controlled.The fibers of cardiac muscle are branching fibers and are found in the heart.

Front 67

flexion

Back 67

decreasing the angle between two bones: bending a limb

Front 68

extension

Back 68

increasing the angle between two bones: straightening out a limb

Front 69

abduction

Back 69

Movement away from the midline of the body

Front 70

adduction

Back 70

Movement toward the midline of the body

Front 71

rotation

Back 71

circular movement around an axis. INternal rotation is toward the midline and external rotation is away from the midline.

Front 72

dorsiflexion

Back 72

decreasing the angle of the ankle joint so that the foot bends backward (upward). This is the opposite movement of stepping on the gas pedal when driving a car.

Front 73

plantar flexion

Back 73

the motion that extends the foot downward toward the ground as when pointing the toes or stepping on the gas pedal. Plant/o means sole of the foot.

Front 74

supination

Back 74

as applied to the hand and foforearm, the act of turning the palm forward, or up

Front 75

pronation

Back 75

as applied to the hand and forearm, the act of truning the palm backward, or down

Front 76

abduction

Back 76

movement away from the midline of the body.

Front 77

adduction

Back 77

movement toward the midline of the body

Front 78

dorsiflexion

Back 78

backward (upward) bending of the foot.

Front 79

extension

Back 79

straightening of a flexed limb

Front 80

fascia

Back 80

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

Front 81

abduction

Back 81

movement away from the midline of the body.

Front 82

adduction

Back 82

movement toward the midline of the body

Front 83

dorsiflexion

Back 83

backward (upward) bending of the foot.

Front 84

extension

Back 84

straightening of a flexed limb

Front 85

fascia

Back 85

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

Front 86

abduction

Back 86

movement away from the midline of the body.

Front 87

adduction

Back 87

movement toward the midline of the body

Front 88

dorsiflexion

Back 88

backward (upward) bending of the foot.

Front 89

extension

Back 89

straightening of a flexed limb

Front 90

fascia

Back 90

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

Front 91

fascia

Back 91

fibrous membrane separating and enveloping muscles

Front 92

flexion

Back 92

bending ata a joint

Front 93

insertion of a muscle

Back 93

connection of the muscle to a bone tht moves

Front 94

orgin of a muscle

Back 94

connection of the muscle to a stationary bone

Front 95

plantar flexion

Back 95

bending the sole of the foot downward toward the ground

Front 96

pronation

Back 96

turning the palm bacward

Front 97

rotation

Back 97

circular movement around a central point

Front 98

skeletal muscle

Back 98

musle connected to bones: voluntary of striated muscle

Front 99

smooth muscle

Back 99

muscle connected to internal organs: involuntary or viscer

Front 100

striated muscle

Back 100

skeletal muscle

Front 101

supination

Back 101

turning the palm forward

Front 102

visceral muscle

Back 102

smooth muscle

Front 103

fasci/o

Back 103

fascia (forms sheaths enveloping muscles)

Front 104

fasciectomy

Back 104

define:

Front 105

fibr/o

Back 105

fibrous connective tissue

Front 106

fibromyalgia

Back 106

chronic pain and stiffness in muscles, joints, and fibrous tissue, especially of the back, shoulders, neck, hips, and knees.fatigue common complaint

Front 107

leiomy/o

Back 107

smooth (visceral) muscle that lines the walls of internal organs

Front 108

leiomyosarcoma

Back 108

define:

Front 109

my/o

Back 109

muscle

Front 110

myalgia

Back 110

define:

Front 111

electromyography

Back 111

define:

Front 112

myopathy

Back 112

define:

Front 113

myocardio/o

Back 113

heart muscle

Front 114

myocardial

Back 114

define:

Front 115

myos/o

Back 115

muscle

Front 116

myositis

Back 116

define

Front 117

plant/o

Back 117

sole of the foot

Front 118

rhabdomy/o

Back 118

skeletal (striated) muscle connected to bones

Front 119

rhabdomyosarcoma

Back 119

define:

Front 120

-asthenia

Back 120

lack of strength

Front 121

-asthenia

Back 121

lack of strength

Front 122

myasthenia gravis

Back 122

muscles lose strength because of a failure in transmission of the nervous impulse from the nerve to the muscle cell

Front 123

-trophy

Back 123

development, nourishment

Front 124

astrophy

Back 124

decrease in size of an organ tissue

Front 125

amyotrophic

Back 125

in amyotrohic lateral sclerosis (Lous Gehrig disease), muscles are affected (paralysis occurs) by degeneration of nerves in the spinal cord and lower rgion of the brain.

Front 126

ab-

Back 126

away from

Front 127

dorsi-

Back 127

back

Front 128

dorsiflexion

Back 128

define:

Front 129

poly-

Back 129

many, much

Front 130

polymyalgia

Back 130

polymyalgia rheumatica is a syndrome marked by aching and morning stiffness in the shoulder, hip, or neck for more than one month.

Front 131

muscular dystrophy

Back 131

a group in inherited diseases characterized by progressive weak degeneration of muscle and fibers without involvement of the nervous system

Front 132

polymyositis

Back 132

chronic inflammatory myopahty

Front 133

antinuclear antibody test
(ANA)

Back 133

detects an antibody resent in serum of patients with systemic lupus erythematousus(SLE)

Front 134

erthrocyte sedimentation
rate (ESR)

Back 134

measures the rate at which erythrocytes settle to the bottom of a test tube

Front 135

rheumatoid factor test (RF)

Back 135

serum is tested for the presence of an antibody found in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Front 136

serum calcium (Ca)

Back 136

measurement of calcium level in serum

Front 137

serum creatine kinase (CK)

Back 137

measurement of an enzyme (creatine kinase) in serum

Front 138

uric acid test

Back 138

measurement of uric acid in serum

Front 139

arthrocentesis

Back 139

surgical puncture to remove fluid from the joint

Front 140

arthrography

Back 140

process of taking x-ray images after injection of contrast material into the joint

Front 141

arthroplasty

Back 141

surgical repair of a joint

Front 142

arthroscopy

Back 142

visual examination of the inside of a joint with an endoscope

Front 143

bone density test

Back 143

low-energy x-rays are taken of bones in the spinal column, pelvis, and wrist

Front 144

bone can

Back 144

utake of radioactive substance is measured in bone

Front 145

computed tomography (CT)

Back 145

x-ray beam is used with a computer to provide cross-sectional images.

Front 146

diskography

Back 146

x-ray of cervical or lumbar intervertebral disk after injection of contrast into nucleus pulposus (interior of the disk)

Front 147

electromyography (EMG)

Back 147

process of recording the strength of muscle contraction as a result of electrical stimulation

Front 148

magnetic resonace
imaging (MRI)

Back 148

radio waves and a magnetic field create images of soft tissue

Front 149

muscle biopsy

Back 149

removal of muscle tissue for microscopic examination