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19 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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What is the cause of restrictive lung dz?
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elastic recoil of lungs is large-->functional residual capacity, vital capacity, total lung capacity are LOW
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Remember, obstructive lung dz FRC and TLC are high
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When does edema occur? Explain the physiology.
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filtration> resorption + lymph flow.
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increased hydrostatic pressure, lymph obstruction, decreased oncotic pressure, microvascular injury (more stuff), heart (left heart failure, mitral stenosis, pulmonary vein obstruction)
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What is atypical pneumonia?
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gradual onset, dry non-productive cough, minimal signs of pulmonary involvement, extrapulmonary symptoms (ex: fatigue), CXR (looks worse than patient)
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causes: viral, mycoplasma
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What are some clinical features of lung cancer?
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pancoast tumor (apex) compresses cervical sympathetic chain & horners syndrome, hoarse (compression of recurrent laryngeal nerve), facial swelling (obstruction of superior vena cava)
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Nephritic vs Nephrotic syndrome
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Nephritic-->infxn. hematuria, RBC casts, post strep GN
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Nephrotic-->protein. severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminea, hyperlipidemia, edema. Adults: membranous GN. Children: minimal change GN
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What are some glomerulonephritis conditions that have a poor prognosis?
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membranous (nephrotic, MC young adults), membranoproliferative, focal segmental, rapidly progressive
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What stones pass in alkaline urine?
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Ca++ and magnesium-ammonium-phosphate "triple stones"
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What is the treatment for Chlamydia trachomatis?
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doxycycline
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What are 3 non-germal testicular tumors? (think of the cells)
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Leydig, Sertoli, and lymphoma (elderly)
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What are the most common type of ovarian tumors?
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surface epithelium
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serous, mucinous, endometroid, clear cell, Brenner
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What does proliferation of endometrial glands due to estrogen stimulation result in?
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polyps, hyperplasia, carcinoma, (think of endometriosis)
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What is the main difference between complete and partial hydatidiform mole?
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complete= no embryo or placenta, 46XX (paternal origin only) partial = embryo and placenta are present 46 XXY (triploid)
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What are 3 malignant tumors of the breast?
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ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, paget's dz of the nipples
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What is a sign of Vit B12 deficiency?
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smooth beefy red tongue
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What are the differences between pulsion diverticula and traction diverticula?
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pulsion diverticula = "false" (mucous only", jxn of pharynx/esophagus, dysphagia, regurg
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traction diverticula = "true" all layers, mid part of esophagus, asymptomatic.
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What is H pylori associated with?
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chronic gastritis type B, gastric and duodenal peptic ulcers, carcinoma of stomach
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What is the cause of familial adenomatous polyposis?
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absence of APC (tumor suppressor gene). 100% cancer risk
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What are the symptoms of Crohns?
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rectum is spared, ileum involved, skip lesions, transmural, granulomas, strictures and fissures, more pain and less bleeding
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What are the symptoms of Ulcerative Colitis?
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rectum and progresses toward ileocecal jxn, continous, mucousa/submucousa only, crypt abscesses, pseudopolyps, more bleeding
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