2.6 Path Cardiomyopathies

Front 1

Concentric v Eccentric hypertrophies... Volume?

Back 1

1. Normal volume, pressure ovreload
2. High volume overload

Front 2

Eccentric hypertrophy? Low and high output causes?

Back 2

1. Volume overload with increased EDV
2. Low output from myocarditits, MI, septal defect
3. High output from Anemia, A/V shunt, Graves, Beri beri and Pagets

Front 3

How are the sarcomeres added in concentric vs eccentric hypertrophy?

Back 3

1. Paralel
2. Longitudinal

Front 4

Concentric hypertrophy? Causes?

Back 4

1. Increased resistance to systolic outflow
2. Systemic hypertension, stenosis, mutations in myosin heavy chain

Front 5

Why would syncope happen in concentric hypertrophy?

Back 5

1. Decreased EDV from the walls closing in
2. can lead to sudden cardiac death

Front 6

Hypertrophy EKGs and the R or S wave?

Back 6

1. Increased R wave in LVH
2. Increased S wave in RVH

Front 7

What are the causes of high output cardiac failure?(6)

Back 7

1. Anemia
2. Thyrotoxicosis
3. Arterio/venous fistula
4. Paget's
5. Beri beri
6. Pregnancy

Front 8

What does BNP do?

Back 8

1. Increase naturiesis
2. Released by ventricles

Front 9

What are viral causes of cardiac injury?(2)

Back 9

1. Cocksacky virus
2. Myocarditis

Front 10

What us a toxic cause of myocyte injury?

Back 10

1. Adriamycin

Front 11

What is the framingham criteria for heart failure?(6)

Back 11

1. Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea
2. Kussumal sign
3. Adrenergic activity with diaphoresis "cold and clammy"
4. Rales
5. CVP over 16
6. Hepato jugular reflux

Front 12

What is Surgical Anterior Ventricular Endocardial Restoration?(SAVER)(3)

Back 12

1. Anneurysmectomy
2. Resection of remodeled dialated non contracting anneurysmal wall
3. Application of a patch

Front 13

Clinical criteria for ischemic cardiomyopathy?(3)

Back 13

1. EF less than 40%
2. History of MI or PCI
3. 75% stenosis in LAD(when coronary blood flow drops precipitously)

Front 14

What are the criteria for obesity cardiomyopathy?(2)

Back 14

1. Left and right hypertrophy
2. Pulmonary hypertension

Front 15

What are the mechanisms of diabetic cardiomyopathy?(5)

Back 15

1. Hyperglycemia
2. Impaired flow causes cytokine and RAS
3. Collagen and fibrotic depostion with advanced glycosylation
4. Stiffened myocardium
5. Myocardial dysfunction

Front 16

What abnormal cardiac conditions can occur with scleroderma?(3)

Back 16

1. EKG looks like septal infarct
2. Abnormal conduction
3. Thallium deficits

Front 17

What is the tx for tako-tsubo?

Back 17

1. beta blockers and ACE inhibitors

Front 18

What are the risks of tako-tsubo?(3)

Back 18

1. CHF
2. Cardiogenic shock
3. Transiunt systolic murmur

Front 19

What are the different types of cardiomyopathies?(3)

Back 19

1. Dilated, Hypertrophic, Restrictive
2. Arrythmogenic RV
3. Unclassified?

Front 20

What are the different considerations of dilated cardiomyopathies?(6)

Back 20

1. Ischemic
2. Familial
3. Ethanol(Hard liquor)
4. Peripartum
5. Myocarditis(Coxsachy, parvo)
6. Drug toxicity(Atriamycin)

Front 21

How would alcoholic cardiomyopathy present?(4)

Back 21

1. Men 30-55
2. Atrial flutter, fibrillation with syncope
3. 1st degree block, BBB, inc QT interval
4. ROH toxicity, beri beri

Front 22

What is strange about peripartum cardiomyopathy?(3)

Back 22

1. CHF is forming in an adult
2. No cause identified
3. No recognizable heart dz up to a month before hand

Front 23

When does peripartum cardiomyopathy happen the most?

Back 23

1. 1,2 then 3 months post partum

Front 24

What is the common gene and protein related to familial cardiomyopathy?(2)

Back 24

1. 14q11
2. Beta myosin heavy

Front 25

What is the main presentations of an idiopathic CM?(3)

Back 25

1. 52 yrs
2. Fatigue
3. Dyspnea

Front 26

Common organisms that affect the heart?

Back 26

1. Coxsackie, Polio, Rabies, CMV, EBV, Flu, Hep A and B, and Parvo B19

Front 27

Can HIV be associated with myocarditis?(3)

Back 27

1. Yes because of associated infections
2. HAART will bring them out to damage the heart
3. The retroviral drgs themselves are not good

Front 28

Cardiac manifestations of Lyme dz?

Back 28

1. AV block with syncope
2. Rare myocarditis and CHF

Front 29

What are the three main causes of death in trichanosis?(nematode in uncooked pork)

Back 29

1. Myocarditis
2. Encephalitis
3. Pneumonitis

Front 30

What would you see in the blood with trichanosis? (2)

Back 30

1. Eosinophils
2. CPK MM

Front 31

What is the most common cause of cardiac anneurysm? Where is it found?

Back 31

1. T. cruzii ...Chagas' Dz
2. South America

Front 32

What would you see in a heart with cardiac sarcoidosis?(4)

Back 32

1. BBB complete block
2. Atrial Arrythmia 2/ syncope
3. Mitral regurgitation
4. Myocarditis

Front 33

What types of meds would you think of in hypersensitivity myocarditis, if no other explainable causes?(6)

Back 33

1. Antibiotics
2. Cardic meds
3. Antiepileptics
4. Psychotropics
5. Isoniazid, streptomycin
6. NSAIDs