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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What characterized an epidural hematoma?
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*Usually due to middle meningeal artery rupture on skull fracture
*Lens-shaped swelling *Patient present later on after the injury because it takes time for swelling to occur |
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What is the management rule for epidural hematomas?
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surgical evacuation (needle aspiration in neonates)
--> can have non-operative management in some patients who are neurologically in-tact |
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What are etiologies of subdural hematomas?
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*Tentorial tears
*Cerebellar bridging vein injury *Occipital osteodiastasis *Dural sinus laceration |
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Are subdural hematomas often seen in car accidents?
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YES
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What is the treatment of choice for subdural hematomas?
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observation for small ones, especially when it's in the posterior fossa
*For large ones, if the patients have deficits then a craniotomy is indicated |
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Are subdural heamtomas more or less common in neonates?
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LESS
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Rupturing of what typically causes a subdural hematoma?
Does the hematoma occur outside or inside the dura? |
bridging veins (especially in older people)
they occur OUTSIDE the dura |
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What do epidural hematomas look like on scans?
subdural? |
epidural --> lens-shaped
subdural --> crescent-shaped |
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T/F - with regards to traumatic brain injury, children do better than adults
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FALSE! - while children may have better survival, children have more serious long-term functional deficits because of their developmentally immature brains
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Traumatic brain injury is the leading cause of what?
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death and disability
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How are cognitive functions in children generally affected by traumatic brain injuries?
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Deficits in attention, reading acquisition, ability to hold jobs later in life
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What % of children require special education services after moderate to severe traumatic brain injury?
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44-80%
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Is overall mortality higher for epidural hematomas or subdural?
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Historically, epidural were worse with regards to mortality (9-17% vs. 8% in subdural)
HOWEVER these numbers look more reversed due to improvements in trauma care |
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Do subdural hematomas due to non-accidental injuries have better or worse recovery?
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WORSE! DUH!
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Does the location of the skull fracture correlate with the area of impact/compression?
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NO!
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How common are linear skull fractures?
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They make up over 2/3 of skull fractures
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What bone is most often involved in skull fractures?
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parietal bone
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What % of children with skull fractures do not have any external signs?
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30%
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T/F - small, linear skull fractures in children are barely noticeable and often have no clinical consequence.
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TRUE
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What are depressed skull fractures?
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Due to focal impacts -- they make up 25% of childhood skull fractures and 10% are associated with dural lacerations
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What are "ping pong" fractures in neonates?
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Depressed skull fractrures
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What are complex skull fractures the result of? Where in the skull do they occur?
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Severe injury mechanisms (i.e. MVA, falls from heights, assaults, etc)
--> occur at the base of the skull |
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Is head injury a significant public health problem?
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YES! DUH!
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What's the best intervention for traumatic brain injuries?
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prevention programs
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