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21 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
What are causes of appendicitis in children: Hardened ? matter, ? bodies, Microorganisms and ?s, and ? habit plays a role.
fecal,
foreign,
parasites,
dietary
RED/BOLDED: What factors decrease the risk for developing appendicitis: increased ?, ?, ?, no ? hx, being ? in gender, not being a ? in age.
Increased- fluid, fiber, activity,
family,
female,
teenager
RED/BOLDED: Why is pain progression monitored with appendicitis? Where is pain the most intense as it progresses ? known as ? pt which is a ? SIGN.
To see how bad it is;
RLQ, McBurney's, CARDINAL
RED/BOLDED: Pre-op mgt of appendicitis: Diagnostics- the pt will have a ? scan of the abdomen. What labs will be drawn ? What is contraindicated and should be avoided to prevent rupture ? Why is sudden absence of pain a concern? As pain returns what complications are possible?
CT,
CBC, C-reactive protein, Coags,
Heat b/c it promotes vasodilation,
it means rupture,
peritonitis
RED/BOLDED: WHat is post-op pain mgt for appendectomy ? and the pt can use ? to reduce pain when coughing or moving, pt will be getting an abx of ?,? or ? the pt should do ? exercises with an incentive spirometer.
Round the clock opioid analgesics,
splinting,
flagyl(funky bugs), Gentamycin(gram -), or ampicillin(gram -/+)
For an uncomplicated appendectomy the pt will be ? until the first BM and probably dc'd within ? hrs
NPO,
24hrs,
Care following a ruptured appendix included: ? tube, IV ?, hospital stay up to ? days, diet can be advanced ? after NG tube is out. The wound is often left ? to heal.
NG-tube,
IV ABX,
5 days,
slowly,
open to heal
What is the difference between GER and GERD: GER is frequently encountered in ? and resolve around ? months and doesn't need tx.
GERD requires ?
infancy, 12 months,

TX
How is vomiting with GER charactized: Passive emesis or Projectile vomiting?
Passive emesis
What are complications of severe GERD: recurrent ?, Otitis ?, Pneumonia, bradycardia, irritability and ? position.
recurrent sinnusitis,
Otitis media,
Sandifer
Which acid-base balance disturbance may occur?
What happens to the sodium and potassium with severe reflux?
Metabolic alkalosis,
they decrease
Explain a pH study for GERD?
A small probe is placed through the nose and positioned by the LES, which is then plugged into a monitor worn on your belt, where it monitors pH levels in the LES area.
RED/BOLDED: Only 15% of infants require surgery for GERD called ? Describe parent teaching for GER considering -Diet, Postioning, Medications, Training?
fundoplication,
Diet-small frequent feedings, use a nipple that controls flow well, frequently burp, Thicken formula with rice or oatmeal.
Positioning- Keep upright for 30-45 min after feeding, no infant seats or swings, can be on belly if monitored, HOB elevated.
Medications- Zantac, Reglan; take Reglan 30 min before meals, promotes accelerated gastric emptying, can cause EPS like movements. Take Zantac two times a day morning and night.
Training- Parents need to know CPR
RED/BOLDED: Hirschsprugns diseases is also known as ?
Congential Agangilionic Megacolon
RED/BOLDED: What is the function of ganglion cells:
? and ? of the intestines, innervation and ?
contraction and relaxation,
peristalsis,
What are assessment findings for Hirschsprungs disease: RED/BOLDED: Failure to pass ? within first 24hrs of life. Foul smelling ?-type or ? like stools, constipation. What it the life threatening complication that must be assessed ?
meconium,
pellet, ribbon,
enterocolitis
How is Hirschsprungs disease diagnosed ? and what does it show ?
Rectal biopsy,
the biopsied area will have NO ganglion cells
RED/BOLDED: Mild to moderate Hirschsprungs is managed by daily ?/rectal ?
Moderate to severe requires ?
enemas, irrigation,

surgery
What preschool fears need to be addressed before surgery ?
fear of mutilation
How can young children express their feelings if they have difficulty communicating and expressing their thoughts ?
tantrums,
body language
What is the Cardinal sign of Hirschsprung's disease?
Meconium ILeus