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75 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Potassium Feldspar |
KAlSi3O8 |
- nearly cubic cleavag - Amazonite = bright aqua - orthoclase = woody appearance |
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Muscovite |
KAl2Si3AlO10(OH)2 |
- perfect basal cleavage |
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Apatite |
Ca5(PO4)3(OH, F, Cl) |
- hexagonal crystals - scratched by knife |
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Quartz |
SiO2 |
- H=7 - chert = beige - flint = black - jasper = red - onyx = banded - opal = pearl |
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Phlogopite-biotite |
K(Mg, Fe)3Si3AlO10(OH)2 |
- perfect cleavage - phlogopite = silvery amber / black - biotite = dark brown / black |
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Garnet |
A3B2(SiO4)3 |
- scratches glass - dodecahedral - red |
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Plagioclase |
(Na, Ca)(Si, Al)4O8 |
- twin striations on cleavage faces - labradorite = schiller |
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Epidote |
hydrated calcium aluminosilicate |
- pistachio green - crystals cleaved along length |
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Chlorite |
(Mg, Fe)6(Si, Al)4O10(OH)8 |
- dark blue/green to black |
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Rutile |
TiO2 |
- colourless to light yellow streak |
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Magnetite |
Fe3O4 |
- strongly attracted to magnet |
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Pyrolusite |
MnO2 |
- sooty black streak |
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Chromite |
FeCr2O4 |
- brown/black streak - looks like a black rock |
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Corundum |
Al2O3 |
- H=9 - hexagonal, barrel-shaped crystals |
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Limonite |
hydrous iron oxide |
- light brown/yellow streak - lacks fibrous structure |
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Ilmenite |
FeTiO3 |
- powder slightly magnetic |
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Hematite |
Fe2O3 |
- cherry red streak - specular hematite = glittery |
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Cassiterite |
SnO2 |
- very heavy - occ. knee-shaped twin crystals |
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Goethite |
FeO(OH) |
- brownish/yellow streak - fibrous masses |
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Malachite |
Cu2CO3(OH)2 |
- fizzes with dilute HCl |
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Azurite |
Cu3(CO3)2(OH)2 |
- deep blue - fizzes in dilute HCl |
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Scheelite |
CaWO4 |
- fluorescent under UV light |
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Silver |
Ag |
- white colour, usually tarnished black - dense and malleable |
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Gold |
Au |
- extremely dense, soft and malleable |
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Copper |
Cu |
- tarnishes green to black |
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Graphite |
C |
- pencil streak on paper |
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Sulfur |
S |
- smelly, bright yellow |
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Anhydrite |
CaSO4 |
- 3 90º cleavages - white to lilac colour |
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Barite and Celestite |
BaSO4 and SrSO4 |
- high density - barite pictured - Celestite = blue |
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Gypsum |
CaSO4•2H2O |
- H=2- perfect basal cleavage |
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Halite |
NaCl |
- salty taste - perfect cubic cleavage |
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Sylvite |
KCl |
- bitter taste |
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Fluorite |
CaF2 |
- perfect octahedral cleavage |
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Aragonite |
CaCO3 |
- fizzes rapidly - coral like masses |
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Magnesite |
MgCO3 |
- white- sticks to tongue - does not fizz |
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Siderite |
FeCO3 |
- brown with rhombic cleavage - does not fizz |
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Calcite |
CaCO3 |
- double refraction - fizzes rapidly |
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Rhodochrosite |
MnCO3 |
- fizzes slowly - pink in colour |
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Dolomite |
(Ca, Mg)CO3 |
- effervesces slowly - rhombic to saddle-shaped crystals |
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Bornite |
Cu5FeS4 |
- peacock ore |
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Sphalerite |
ZnS |
- perfect dodecahedral cleavage - pale yellow/brown streak |
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Molybdenite |
MoS2 |
- pliable, metallic grey, hexagonal plates |
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Chalcocite |
Cu2S |
- high density - black sooty tarnish |
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Chalcopyrite |
CuFeS2 |
- greenish black streak |
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Covellite |
CuS |
- bluish purple tarnish |
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Galena |
PbS |
- very dense - perfect cubic cleavage |
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Pyrite |
FeS2 |
- looks like gold - conchoidal fracture |
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Stibnite |
Sb2S3 |
- H=2 - black streak |
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Marcasite |
FeS2 |
- coxcomb crystals |
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Aresenopyrite |
FeAsS |
- smells like garlic when hammered |
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Pentlandite |
(Fe, Ni)9S8 |
- octahedral - scratch with knife |
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Pyrrhotite |
Fe(1-x)S x=0 to 0.2 |
- slightly magnetic |
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Cinnabar |
HgS |
- red colour, dense |
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Stilbite |
CaAl2Si7O18 • 7H2O |
- wheat-sheaf crystals |
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Sodalite |
Na8(AlSiO4)6Cl2 |
- deep blue colour - dodecahedral cleavage |
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Nepheline |
(Na, K)AlSiO4 |
- oily lustre with pink/grey OR - black specks on white/grey |
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Serpentine |
Mg3Si2O5(OH)4 |
- fibrous = chrysotile asbestos - massive / soapy = antigorite |
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Scapolite |
sodium calcium aluminosilicate |
- woody-looking - 90º cleavage |
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Talc |
Mg3Si4O10(OH)2 |
- H = 1, rubs off on hand - basal cleavage |
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Kaolinite |
Al3Si2O5(OH)4 |
- breathe on it |
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Diopside |
CaMgSi2O6 |
- 87/93 pyroxene cleavage - shows basal parting - colourless to green |
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Enstatite (Bronzite variety) |
(Mg, Fe)2Si2O6 |
- 87/93 pyroxene cleavage - bronze colour |
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Hornblende |
hydrated calcium ferromagnesian aluminosilicate |
- 56/124 amphibole cleavage - massive, dark green to black |
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Tremolite / Actinolite |
Ca2(Mg, Fe)5Si8O22(OH)2 |
- amphibole cleavage - colourless to green |
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Augite |
calcium ferromagnesian silicate |
- pyroxene cleavage, prismatic crystals - dark green to black |
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Wollastonite |
Ca2Si2O6
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- pyroxene cleavage - compact, white fibrous aggregates |
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Beryl |
Be3Al2Si6O18 |
- always in 6 or 12-sided prisms - scratches glass |
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Tourmaline |
Complex boro-silicate |
- trigonal or di-trigonal cross-sections - striations on cleavage faces |
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Olivine |
(Mg, Fe)2SiO4 |
- usually in granular masses - pale to dark green |
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Andalusite |
Al2SiO5 |
- scratches glass - occ. black "X" in cross section |
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Kyanite |
Al2SiO5 |
- scratched by steel along length only - blue/grey - one perfect cleavage |
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Sillimanite |
Al2SiO5 |
- compact white/brown fibrous masses |
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Staurolite |
Hydrated ferric aluminosilicate |
- prismatic crystals and x-shaped twin crystals |
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Zircon |
ZrSiO4 |
- well-developed tetragonal crystals - very dense (but lower than cassiterite) |
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Titanite |
CaTiSiO5 |
- brown/black wedge-shaped crystals - distinct lustre |
