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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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afterload
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the amount o resistane to ejection of blood from the ventricle
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apical impulse aka point of maximum impulse (PMI)
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impulse normally palpated at the 5th intercostal space, left midclavicular line; caused by contraction of the left ventricle
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baroreceptors
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nerve fibers located in the aortic arch and carotid arteries that are responsible for reflex control of the blood pressure
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cardiac catheterization
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an invasive procedure used to measrue cardiac chamber pressures and assess patency of the coronary arteries
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cardiac conduction system
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specialized heart cells strategically located throughout the heart that are responsible for methodically generating and coordinating the transmission of electrical impulses to the myocardial cells
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cardiac output
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amount of blood pumped by each ventricle in liters per minute; normal cardiac output is 5 L per minute the resting adult heart
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cardiac stress test
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a test used to evaluate the functioning
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contractility
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ability of the cardiac muscle to shorten in response to an electrical impulse
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depolarization
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electrical activation of a cell caused by the influx of sodium into the cell while potassium exits the cell
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IN WHAT THEORY IS MOTIVATION A PRODUCT OF THE COMPARISON BETWEEN THE PERSON'S INPUTS AND OUTCOMES
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THE EQUITY THEORY
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ejection fraction
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percentage of the end-diastolic blood volume ejected from the ventricle with each heartbeat
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hemodynamic monitoring
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use of monitoring devices to measure cardiovascular function
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hypertension
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blood pressure greater than 140/90 mm Hg
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hypotension
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a decrease in BP to less than 100/50 mm Hg
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international normalized ratio (INR)
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a standard method for reporting prothrombin levels, eliminating the variation in test results from laboratory to laboratory
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murmurs
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sounds created by abnormal, turbulent flow of blood in the heart
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myocardial ischemia
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condition in which heart muscle cells receive less oxygen than needed
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myocardium
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muscle layer of the heart responsible for the pumping action of the heart
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normal heart sounds
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sounds produced when the valves close; normal heart sounds are S1 (atrioventricular valves) and S2 (semilunar valves)
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postural (orthostatic) hypotension
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a significant drop in blood pressure (usually 10 mm Hg systolic or more) after an upright position is assumed
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preload
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degree of stretch of the cardiac muscle fibers at the end of diastole
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pulmonary vascular resistance
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resistance to right ventricle ejection of blood
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radioisotopes
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unstable atoms that emit small amounts of energy in the form of gamma rays; used in cardiac nuclear medicine studies
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repolarization
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return of the cell to resting state, caused by reentry of potassium into the cell while sodium exits the cell
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sinoatrial (SA) node
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primary pacemaker of the heart, located in the right atrium
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stroke volume
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amount of blood ejected from the ventricle per heartbeat; normal stroke volume is 70 mL in the resting heart
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systemic vascular resistance
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resistance to left ventricle ejection
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systole
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period of ventricular contraction resulting in ejection of blood from the ventricles into the pulmonary artery and aorta
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telemetry
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the process of continuous EKG monitoring by the transmission of radiowaves from a battery-operated transmitter worn by the patient
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venodilating agent
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medication causing dilation of veins
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