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36 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Who coined the term 'total institutions'? |
Goffman |
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What are total institutions? |
Class of institutions symbolized by barrier to social intercourse with outside world - 'forcing hosues' for changing persons in our society |
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What are four examples of total institutions? |
1. Correctional institutions 2. Mental health facilities 3. Hospitals 4. Military |
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What are two reasons why correctional institutions were established? |
1. In order to protect our society from so-called intentional dangers/harms 2. Also protect society from individuals who are seeking to participate or intentionally harm the public |
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What are two central features of total institutions? |
1. Breakdown of barriers that ordinarily separate spheres of life 2. Scheduled and controlled by administrative hierarchy, authoritative figures |
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What are some examples of 'spheres of life'? |
Eating, sleeping, work, education, leisure activities, communicating with others |
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What are four characteristics of both total institutions and correctional institutions? |
1. All aspects of life are conducted in same place under same single authority 2. Daily activities in large masses 3. Tight schedules; formalized activities 4. Overall plan to fulfill aims of institution |
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What are four aims of the institution? |
1. Protect society 2. Punishment 3. Reforming/rehabilitation 4. Conformity |
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What process begins immediately when you enter prison? |
Status degradation ceremonies |
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What are two examples of status degradation ceremonies? |
1. Home world - institutional world 2. Mortification process |
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What does 'home world' - 'institutional world' mean? |
When individuals enter a correctional institution, they come with their own culture/values from the outside world ('home world') - they enter into this 'institutional world,' under all these new formal rules |
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What is the 'mortification process'? |
Their identity is now an inmate, no longer a free individual - any sense of self is stripped (materially stripped, psychologically stripped) |
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What are three rationales behind these status degradation ceremonies? |
1. Safety 2. Security 3. Punishment |
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What percentage of Ontario's correctional institutions are overcrowded? |
Over half |
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What are some examples of pains of imprisonment for inmates? |
1. Loss of freedom 2. Emotional, physical, psychological harm/pain 3. Sense of structure 4. Privacy 5. Feeling that someone' watching 6. Loss of relationships 7. Career, income, financial freedom 8. Communication with others outside the institution |
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What are some examples of pains of imprisonment for inmates' families? |
1. Financial impact 2. Loss of parental figure 3. Stigmatized, negatively judged, sense of isolation 4. Limited visiting times 5. Emotional/mental distress, anguish 6. Time commitment - court, visits 7. Child - support network, depends on how family handles it |
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What are secondary adjustments for the inmate? |
Adaptation, sense of control through self and situation - they can do this through privilege system |
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What are three aspects to a privilege system in a correctional institution? |
1. House rules 2. Rewards 3. Punishment |
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In a privilege system in a correctional institution, what are 'house rules'? |
When the inmate enters the institution, they learn that there are house rules - the correctional officers give them a copy of the rules they must follow within the institution - also learn rules from the other inmates - they have their own set of rules, norms within the institution |
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In a privilege system in a correctional institution, what are the rewards? |
Very small number of rewards that they may get if they obey the rules and regulations that are set out and established within that institution |
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What are "release binge fantasies"? |
Inmates will fantasize about what they are going to do/have when they leave or are released from the institution |
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In a privilege system in a correctional institution, what are punishments? |
Consequences if they break the rules - loss of privileges - increased sentences (if they commit another crime) - solitary confinement |
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What is inmate subculture? |
Interaction and the relationships among inmates |
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What is argot? |
Lingo |
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In inmate argot, what is a 'hit'? |
An inmate's sentence |
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In inmate argot, what is a 'fish'? |
A new inmate |
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In inmate argot, what is a 'beef'? |
A type of crime |
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What is prisonization? |
An inmate being socialized into the norms, values and culture of the prison - if they aren't socialized, they won't be able to cope |
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What happens when an inmate becomes too prisonized? |
They become institutionalized |
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What is institutionalization? |
Become "prisonized" to such a degree that they are unable to function in the outside world |
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What are the two kinds of authority of correctional officers in terms of their job within the institution? |
Legal and moral |
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Other than correctional officers, who else might be staffed in correctional institutions (5)? |
1. Health care personnel 2. Administration 3. Kitchen staff 4. Warden 5. Religious figures |
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What is the legal authority of correctional officers? |
Power to enforce the rules and regulations of the institutions |
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What is the moral authority of correctional officers? |
Establish functional relationships with inmates |
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What is an example of an inhumane standard that exists in most of our correctional institutions? |
Overcrowding |
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What does s.12 in the Charter protect against? |
Cruel and unusual punishment or treatment |
