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22 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Beta-Blockers block excessive ? stimulation, they decrease ? and ? which lowers BP. They block beta receptors in the ? apparatus which inhibits the secretion of ? S/E These meds mask ?, also we can see ?,?,?,?,? These meds end in ?
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SNS,
HR, contractility, Juxtaglomerular, renin, Hypoglycemia, hypotension, bradycardia, fluid retention, fatigue, impotence |
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Alpha-Blockers prevent reuptake of ? in vascular smooth muscle to prevent ? they lower ? increase insulin ? S/E-watch out for first dose ? and ? These meds end in ?
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norepinephrine, vasoconstriction,
LDL, sensitivity, hypotension, dizziness, zosin |
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Central alpha Blockers work by preventing your ? from sending signals to your nervous system to speed up your heart rate and narrow your blood vessels. As a result, your heart doesn't pump as hard and your blood flows more ? through your blood vessels. S/E are ? and ? Examples of this med are ? and ?
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brain,
easily, somnolence, dry mouth, Catapres, Aldomet |
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Adrenergic blockers block both ? and ? receptors. Most are off the ? now, S/E significant ?, and ↓ ?
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Alpha, Beta,
market, hypotension, LOC |
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direct vasodilators dilate ? smooth muscle. These meds must be started at a ? dose and slowly ? S/E reflex ?, ?hypotension, ? flushing, ? e.g. hydralazine(?), minoxidel(?), the one use in the ER and ICU is nitroprusside(?)
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arterial, low, increase,
tachycardia, orthostatic, facial, Headache, Apresoline, Loniten, Nipride |
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Direct Renin inhibitor inhibits ? action in the ? to lower blood pressure. S/E ?, ?, ? An example of this med is
aliskiren(?) |
renin, blood stream,
Hypotension, edema, Nauseau & diarrhea, Tekturna |
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Peripheral Vascular disease includes disorders that change the natural flow of blood through ? and ? in the peripheral ?
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arteries,
veins, circulation |
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PAD is the result of systemic ? It is a ? condition in which partial or total arterial occlusion deprives the ? extemiteis of ? and ? it affect the ?s more than the ?s There is ? of tissues below the level of the obstruction.
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atheroslcerosis,
chronic, lower, blood, nutrients, legs, arms, death |
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Risk Factors for PAD include ?,?,?,?,?,? (DOGSACH)
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DM, obesity, genetics, Smoking, age, choleseterol, HTN
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With PAD, when a pt can only walk a certain distance before crampin, burning muscle discomfort or pain forces them to stop this is termed ? This pain is ?
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intermittent claudication,
reproducable |
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Inflow vs Outflow disease: Inflow involves the ? end of the aorta, this problem is located above the internal iliac and this causes cramping in the ? and ?s
Outflow involves intermittent claudication below the inguinal area and causes cramping and pain in the ?s |
distal,
buttocks, hips, calfs |
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When assessing PAD we need to check for weak or absent pulses at the ? site of the foot, extremity ? changes, ? when legs are elevated, ? when legs are hanging down, ? loss, ? ulcers that will be seen on the ? and upper ?
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posterior tibial,
color, Pallor, Rubor, hair, arterial, toes, foot |
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Diabetic ulcers are found on the ?s and venous ulcers are found on the ?s
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heals,
lower legs |
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PAD diagnostics the RN can take segmental BP measurements using the Ankle Brachial Index, this is where the BP in the thigh, calf, ankle should be higher than at the ?, if it is not there is a ?
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brachial,
problem |
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To test for PAD exercise testing can be performed. Blood flow and pressure in the extremities should ? immediately after exercise.
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increase
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In order to get a graph wave form of volume changes when testing for PAD we would use ?
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plethysmography
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Nursing Dx for PAD:
chronic ? Risk for peripheral ? dysfunction, Risk for ?, ineffective peripheral ? perfusion |
pain,
neurovascular, injury, tissue |
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For pain the pt can have ? around the clock or ? therapy can be used such as ? muscle relaxation, ?, ?,?
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Analgeics(pain meds),
progressive, hypnosis, biofeedback, acupuncture |
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Nsg Dx: monitor for neurovascular dysfunction:
monitor for ?, avoid constrictive ?, avoid excessive ? or ? always test bath water with a ? inspect skin ?, avoid ? or ? use b/c they are vasoconstrictors. |
paresthesias(numbness, tingling),
clothing, heat or cold, thermometer, daily, tobacco, caffeine |
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Risk for injury:
Remove ? hazards, avoid excessive ? and ? avoid ? clothing and linen |
safety,
hot or cold, constricting |
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Innefective tissue perfusion interventions for PAD:
Exercise, increase limitations by increasing walking distances past the point of when the ? begins. Do not ? the legs, they can be ? at the side of the bed. |
pain,
elevate, dangled |
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In order to promote effective tissue perfusion in PAD:
Promote vasodilation by keeping the feet ?, The pt should increase ? intake. avoid ?,?,? meds to control ? and ? meds may be prescribed. |
warm,
fluid, caffeine, nicotine, stress, HTN, antiplatelet |
