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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Why do newborns of DM moms develop respiratory distress: Infants of diabetic moms have delayed production of ? Fetal hyperinsulinemia retards ? production, which is necessary for the synthesis of ? needed to keep the newborn's alveoli open after birth.
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surfactant,
cortisol, surfactant |
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The L/S (lecithin/Sphingomyelin) ratio is used to evaluate fetal lung ? L/S stabilizes neonatal alveoli to prevent collapse on ? Lecithin in amniotic fluid is less than the amount of Sphingomyelin until ? weeks, at ?-? wks the two are equal in value at ? wks lecithin levels rise sharply a normal value for L/S ratio is ?:? or greater it will be read as ? Fetuses of IDDM moms develop RDS at hight ratios, so the L/S ratio needs to be at ?:? or greater.
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maturity, expiration,
26wks, 30-32wks, 35 wks, 2:1, ≥2L:1S, ≥3.5:1 |
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The neonatal effects of GDM are similar to preexisting diabetes except there is no increase risk for maternal ? or for spontaneous ?, and no increase in ? anomalies. WHY? GDM doesn't usually start until later in the pregnancy so ? has already taken place and the baby is more developed.
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ketoacidosis,
abortion, congenital, organogenesis |
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Nursing management of diabetes can include ? counseling let the pt know to keep their diet between ?-? cal/day. Make sure to get daily ? b/c muscle contraction increases ? uptake.
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dietary,
2200-2400cal/day, exercise, glucose |
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Nursing management for diabetes includes BGM, a pt should check their sugar after fasting for ?hrs and once again postprandial ? hrs, usually ?-? times per day. The goal for a fasting BG is ≺ ? and for postprandial ≺ ?
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4hrs,
2hrs, 4-6, 95mg/dl, 120mg/dl |
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An acurate blood test that tells us a pts blood glucose level over a 3 month period is ?
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HbA1C
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Nursing management for a fetus of a mom who has diabetes includes getting a ? screen for neural tube defects, teach the mom to do ? counts, an ? test can be performed, a (?) or (?).
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Alpha Fetal Protein(AFP),
kick, US, BioPhysical Profile, Non-stress test |
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If a pregnant woman has DM she needs to maintain ? control during her pregnancy. Most insulin regimens require ? injections ?/? acting and ? ac breakfast, ?/? acting before dinner and ? at bedtime for coverage during sleep.
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rigorous,
3, regular/short and NPH, regular/short, NPH |
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Insulin needs increase markedly during the ? and ? trimesters. The pt may require an insulin ? during labor.
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2nd, 3rd,
drip |
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Insulin administration review: To prevent hypoglycemia, eat meals within ? min of administration.
What route is insulin administered ? What angle of injection is is given? We should insert and withdraw the needle ? We should inject insulin over ?-? sec |
30min,
SQ, 45-90 depending on the size of the pt., quickly, 2-4 sec |
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Women who are identified as at risk for DM/GDM should be screened via a ? test ,which is a ? test, ?-? wks gestation. The woman is not required to ? for the test. She will be given ?ml of an oral glucose solution, ? hr later a blood sample is taken. If the BG level is ≥ ?mg/dl a 3hr glucose tolerance test is ordered.
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Glucose Challenge Test,
screening, 24-28wks, fast, 50ml, 1hr, ≥140mg/dl |
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The gold standard for Glocuse testing is the ? test, The pt will be required to ? after midnight on the day of the test. A ? blood leel is drawn in the A.M. then the pt will be required to ingest ?ml of a glucose solution. Blood is drawn at ?hr, ?hr, ?hrs.
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3hr oral glucose tolerance test,
fasting, 100ml, 1hr, 2hrs, 3hrs |
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An ABNORMAL fasting 3hr oral glucose tolerance test is if ? or more of the 4 blood draws are elevated which could include a fasting BG level >?mg/dl a 1hr >?mg/dl, 2hr >?mg/dl, 3hr >?mg/dl
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2,
95mg/dl, 180mg/dl, 155mg/dl, 140mg/dl |
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If we notice S/S of hypoglycemia we need to Tx the pt ? to prevent damage to the maternal ? and ?
S/S of hypoglycemia include:?,?,?,? etc. Saying to remember S/S= Shaky, cold, and clammy pt needs some candy(to increase BG). |
immediately, brain, fetus,
Shakiness/tremors, cold, clammy, HA |
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If a pt is showing S/S of hypOglycemia then we can Tx with ? g of carbohydrates such as ?oz of juice or soft drink, ? tabs or ? saltines.
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15g,
4oz, glucose, 6 |
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Recognizineg Hyperglycemia: If the pt is hot and dry then the sugar is HIGH! The most common cause of hyperglycemia is ? If it is untreated it can cause ?, ?, maternal and fetal ? S/S of hyperglycemia include ?,?,?,? etc...
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infection, ketoacidosis, coma, death,
Hot skin, dry mouth, polyurea, acetone breath |
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The Tx for hyperglycemia is to administer ? if it is severe enough the pt may need to be ?
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insulin,
hospitalized |
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Nursing Dx for Diabetes: Alteration in metabolism of ?,?,?,? r/t DM
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carbs,
proteins, fats, electrolytes |
