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42 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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bottom line of HF
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ventricles cannot fill and eject properly
its all about cardiac output |
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initiating event of HF
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80% related to ischemia from MI
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stroke volume =
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ejection fraction
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preload
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how much blood is in the heart right before it contracts
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transesophageal echo
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put camera down throat with tube
they can see the heart gives clear picture of ventricular function |
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normal ejection fraction
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70%
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MAP
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mean arterial pressure
minimum amount of flow needed to perfuse organs |
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^MAP=
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^stroke volume
^HR ^total periphreal resistance baroreceptors monitor it |
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TNF is released when..
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low flow
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apoptosis happens with...
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heart failure
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necrosis happens when..
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it is a direct response
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apoptosis happens...
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indirect process like HF
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endothelin is a vaso constrict/dialate?
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constrict
targets endothelium in blood vessels |
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bradykinin does what to the blood vessels
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dilates
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why are vasodilators diuretics
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body senses better flow and decreases aldosterone which will decrease Na and water retention!
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^ in BNP there is an issue with...
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heart failure
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when ANP is released HR will
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go down
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when ANP is released the venous system will..
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relax and dilate
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during HF ventricle muscles..
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dilate and are unable to contract
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systolic HF is when the EF is <...
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40%
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diastolic HF is symptomatic with EF >
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40%
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symptoms of left sided HF will be based in...
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pulmonary
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pulmonary edema clinical manifestations
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pink frothy sputum
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right sided HF blood backs up..
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in the body
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s/s right sided HF
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liver congestion
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most common cause of right sided HF
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left sided HF
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why give diuretics HF
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help tolerate excersize programs
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ace inhibitors side effects
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cough
light headedness |
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how long does it take for ace to work?
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3 months
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angioedema
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edema in the mucus membranes
problem when it effects organs |
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beta blockers
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cause decrease in contractility
be more specific: cardio selective start low dose |
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what does Dig do?
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positive inotrope
increases contractility |
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hypokalemia can increase/decrease toxicity of dig
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increase
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alpha is all about
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constriction
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beta is all about
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contraction
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ARBs
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angio I goes to II
ARBs block II's function ARBs given to people who cant tolerate ACE inhib ACE still best intervention |
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what is the blood pressure measuring
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the force of the blood pushing against the side of its container, the vessel well
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what is the pulse pressure
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the difference betwween the systolic and diastolic and reflects stroke volume
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what are factors influencing blood pressure
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age
gender race diurnal rhythm weight exercise emotions stress |
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what is a diurnal rhythym
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a dily cycle of peak and trough in bp
bp is high late afternoon and is low early morning |
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how does age effect bp
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gradually rises as age rises
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the level of bp is determined by 5 factors
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cardiac output
afterload volume of circulating fluid viscosity elasticy of vessel walls |
