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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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-normal anatomy and physiology & landmarks of the breast
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milk producing glands, ducts, nipple, subcut and retromammary fat, coopers ligaments
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Lymph drainage: 4 quadrants
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1. central axillary nodes
2. pectoral (anterior) 3. subscapular 4. lateral |
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What are tanner's 5 stages of development?
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1. preadolescent
2. breast bud stage 3. breast and areola enlarge 4. secondary mound over the breast 5. mature breasts |
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Describe the differences in an aging female's breast vs. young woman
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breast glandular tissue atrophy. decrease in size and elasticity (droop and sag). Makes lump in breast easier to feel.
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What are some developmental issues with the breasts?
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supernumerary nipple (extra nipple)
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What is mastalgia?
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pain of the breast. can occurs with trauma, inflammation, infection, and benign breast disease
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What is colostrum?
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thick yellow fluid that is precursor to milk. present in pregnant women after 4th month of pregnancy.
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Black girls will begin puberty (before/after) white girls?
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before by 1-1.5 years.
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What are items to note about the nipples?
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1. discharge
a.color b. odor c. consistency 2. inverted nipples a. how long has person had it |
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What questions do you ask for breast health?
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pain? lumps? nipple discharge? axillary LN enlargement? Current Medications? Breast self exams? Clinical breast exam? Mammography? family hx? alcohol? high fat diet? physical activity? late menopause? smoking? previous breast surgeries, reporductive hx?
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What are the breast inspection positions?
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YMCA:
1. sitting with arms at side 2. arms overhead 3. hands pressed on hips 4. arms extended straight overhead as client leans forward |
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What should you watch for during the breast inspection (YMCA positions)?
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1. Size symmetry
2. Shape 3. color 4. skin surface (dimpling=bad, symmetry, smooth in shape, pink color) |
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What should you watch for during the nipple inspection?
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size, color, shape, discharge, texture (inverted, nipples at same line when raise arms)
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Describe technique of breast palpation?
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use flat pads of 3 fingers. never pick up fingers. top of breast to bra line. include tail of spence
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divide breast into 4 quadrants. --where do most breast cancers occur?
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Upper outer
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Gynecomastia?
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man boobs. can be seen in men with prostate cancer getting hormones
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breast cancer is worst in what race of women and why?
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African american women. diagnosed later and more aggressive tumors (possibly)
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What is fibrocystic breast disease--
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breast wax and waynes with menstraul cycle.
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ACS recommends that women start mammograms at what age and how often should they have them?-
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-40 years old have one year mammos.
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What is fibrocystic breast dz?
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have lumpier breast--harder to find cancerous lumps, hyperplasia (change in normal breast tissue)
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What are modifiable factors that affect breast health?
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birth control pills, smoking, alcohol, alcohol intake, high amounts of estrogen, estrogen replacement threapy, decreased exercised, increased fats, smoking.
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What is P'orange-
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edema.
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What are Cooper's ligaments--
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fibrous bands extending vertically from the surface to attach on the chest wall muscles--support breast tissues-they become contracted in breast cancer which produce pits or dimples in the overlying skin.
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During the breast exam:
even _____ is expected Abnormal findings in color would be ----, areas of _____,bulging or d_____. A fine blue vascular network is visible normally during ______--abnormal to have blue in non-_____-women Normally no edema is present. Abnormal would be "pig-skin" or "orange peel" peau d'orange |
even color is expected
Abnormal findings in color would be hyperpigmentation. note any areas of redness,bulging or dimpling. A fine blue vascular network is visible normally during pregnancy--abnormal to have blue in non-pregnant women Normally no edema is present. Abnormal would be "pig-skin" or "orange peel" peau d'orange |
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If you feel lump or mass note WHICH characteristics:
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1. location
2. size 3. shape 4. consistency 5. movable 6. distinctness 7. nipple 8. note the skin over the lump 9. tenderness 10. lymphadenopathy |
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What is mastitis-
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uncommon; an inflamm mass before abscess formation. usually in a single quadrant. area is red, swollen , tnender very hot and hard. woman will have headache, malaise, fever, chills, and sweating and flulike symptoms
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What is Paget's disease of the breast-
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early lesion has unilateral, clear, yellow discharge and dry scaling crusts, friable at nipple apex. Spreads outward to areola with erythematous halo on areola and crusted, eczematous, retracted nipple.
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What is breast fixation?
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asymmetry, distortion or decreased mobility of breasts with elevated arm maneuver.
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