20.21 Vocab

Front 1

John F. Kennedy

Back 1

Became the 35th president of the US in January 20, 1961.

Front 2

Flexible Response

Back 2

Policy developed durring the Kennedy administration. Focused on preparing for a variety of military responce to international crises, more so than on use of nuclear weapons.

Front 3

Bay of Pigs Invasion

Back 3

an unsuccessful attempt by a CIA -trained force of Cuban exiles to invade southern Cuba, with support from US government armed forces, to overthrow the Cuban government of Fidel Castro.

Front 4

Cuban Missile Crisis

Back 4

The event of six tense days in 1962 when a U.S. invasion of Cuba and the use of nuclear weapons seemed likely.

Front 5

Fidel Castro

Back 5

The communist leader of Cuba who openly sought Soviet aid.

Front 6

Berlin Wall

Back 6

Concrete wall that separated East and West Berlin after the soviets blockaded the city in 1948.

Front 7

Hot Line

Back 7

The dedicated phone line for crisis management linking the White House and Kremlin, established in 1963.

Front 8

Limited Test Ban Treaty

Back 8

1963 treaty in which the US and the soviet union to contact each other in times of crisis. (1963)

Front 9

New Frontier

Back 9

John F. Kennedy's legislative program. Includes proposals, provided medical care for the elderly, rebuild urban areas, aid education, and bolster the national defense.

Front 10

Mandate

Back 10

A strong message from voters compelling a president to act in a certain way.

Front 11

Peace Corps

Back 11

Program initiated by Kennedy offering volunteer help to developing nations in Asia, Africa, and Latin America.

Front 12

Alliance for Progress

Back 12

Foreign aid program giving technical and economic assistance to Latin American countries.

Front 13

Warren Commission

Back 13

The federal panel that investigated the Kennedy assassination.

Front 14

Lyndon B. Johnson

Back 14

Successor to Kennedy who conducted the war on poverty and had vision of the Great Society.

Front 15

Economic Opportunity Act

Back 15

(EOA) Part of LBJ's war on poverty that funded youth programs, antipoverty measures, and job training.

Front 16

Great Society

Back 16

LBJ's broad program and vision for America to reduce poverty and racial injustice, and promote quality of life.

Front 17

Medicare

Back 17

Great Society program providing medical assistance to almost every American age 65 or older.

Front 18

Medicaid

Back 18

Great Society program providing health insurance to welfare recipients.

Front 19

Immigration Act of 1965

Back 19

Great society law that ended immigration quotas based on nationality.

Front 20

Warren Court

Back 20

Supreme Court era, named after chief justice, noted for activism in the areas of civil rights and free speech.

Front 21

Reapportionment

Back 21

Terms for the way in which states redraw election districts to reflect changes on population.

Front 22

Miranda Rights

Back 22

The criminal justice case that led to the requirement to inform suspects of their rights before questioning.

Front 23

Thurgood Marshall

Back 23

Influential lawyer for the NAACP; later became the first African-American Supreme Court Justice.

Front 24

Plessy v. Ferguson

Back 24

United States Supreme Court decision in the jurisprudence of the US, upholding the constitutionality of racial segregation even in public accommodations under the doctrine of "separate but equal."

Front 25

Brown v. Board of Education

Back 25

The Supreme Court case that struck down the "separate but equal" doctrine in public education.

Front 26

“Little Rock Nine”

Back 26

a group of African-American students who were enrolled in Little Rock Central High School in 1957.

Front 27

Rosa Parks

Back 27

Montgomery bus rider whose protest in 1955 sparked an organized bus boycott.

Front 28

Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.

Back 28

Important civil rights leader; voice of nonviolence, equality, and justice; awarded Nobel Peace Prize in 1964.

Front 29

SCLC

Back 29

(Southern Christian Leadership Conference) The organization formed in 1957, dedicated to nonviolent resistance to "second-class citizenship"

Front 30

SNCC

Back 30

(Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) The national protest group that formed in 1960 and drew its membership from college campuses.

Front 31

Sit Ins

Back 31

Nonviolent protest strategy where blacks sat at segregated lunch counters and refused to leave until served.

Front 32

Freedom Riders

Back 32

Protesters who boarded segregated buses and endured brutality to help ensure civil rights in 1961.

Front 33

James Meredith

Back 33

the first African American student at the University of Mississippi, an event that was a flash point in the American civil rights movement.

Front 34

Civil Rights Act of 1964

Back 34

1964 law that prohibited discrimination because of race, religion, national origin, and gender.

Front 35

Birmingham protests

Back 35

"This is the most segregated city in America," said MLK; also the most violent toward civil rights' marchers.

Front 36

Freedom Summer

Back 36

1964 civil-rights project to register African-American voters in Mississippi.

Front 37

Selma Campaign

Back 37

The decisive battle of civil rights.

Front 38

24th Amendment

Back 38

prohibits both Congress and the states from conditioning the right to vote in federal elections on payment of a poll tax or other types of tax.

Front 39

Voting Rights Act of 1965

Back 39

Law that gave federal examiners authority over states to enroll voters and also to eliminate literacy tests.

Front 40

De facto segregation

Back 40

Racial separation established by practice and custom, not by law.

Front 41

De jure segregation

Back 41

Racial separation that is required by law.

Front 42

Malcolm X

Back 42

The black leader who preached a separatist message based on Nation of Islam principles.

Front 43

Nation of Islam

Back 43

Elijah Muhammad's Nation of Islam was forthright in its opposition to the Vietnam War.

Front 44

Black Panthers

Back 44

The radical political party founded by Bobby Seale and Huey Newton that preached self-defense.

Front 45

Civil Rights Act of 1968

Back 45

The law that ended discrimination in housing.