202: Chapters 1-5 Grammar

Front 1

sentence linker (polite)

and (not just but)

Back 1

が/けれども

けど

Front 2

to have just done something, to have just finished doing something

Since she has just entered college, she is probably 18.

(use the subjective one, not the literal)

Back 2

Vた ばかり

大学に入ったばかりだから、十八歳でしょう。

Hint 2

having to do with perception - not literal

Front 3

that ~

That town is called Exeter, where I was born.

Back 3

あの - if both are familiar (with it)
その - when only one of them is familiar with it

そのExeterという町は私が生まれたところです。

Front 4

a change which has taken place, or will take place

I will become able to read Japanese newspapers.

Back 4

V(plain) ようになる

日本語の新聞がよめるようになる。

for adj's drop ように and:
い adj change to -く
な adj change to -に

Front 5

it has been decided
or
it is a general rule/custom that

It has been decided I will not graduate.

It has been arranged that I will be working at a Japanese company.

When you enter a house it is the custom to take your shoes off.

Back 5

ことになる
ことになっている

日本の会社で仕事をするとになりました。

家に上がる時、くつをぬぐことになっています。

Hint 5

when non-generic it indicates the decision was made beyond your control

Front 6

Ｗhere are you from in Japan?

Back 6

日本はどちらですか。

Hint 6

don't use で

Front 7

this person

This person is my classmate, Jon.

Back 7

こちらは

こちらは私の同級生のJonさまです。

Front 8

the thing/person called ~
(colloquial and written)

The person called Jon, is tall.

Back 8

という
って

ジョンという人は背が高い。

Front 9

What is 知識豊富？

Back 9

とは=って

「知識防府」って何ですか。

use とは when asking for a definition or explanation

(if you see って + Qword it is とは)

Front 10

as well as

I was born as well as raised in NH.

Back 10

~Vのも。。。~Vのも

生まれたのも育ったのもNHなんです。

Front 11

What would be good to say?

Back 11

~ばいいでしょうか

なんて言えばいいでしょうか。

Front 12

without doing

I will study without watching TV.

Back 12

~ないで

テレビを見ないで勉強する。

Front 13

didn't do and ~
didn't do and (so) ~

I didn't eat and so my stomach hurts.

I didn't meet my friend in Japan, and that's too bad.

Back 13

~なくて

日本で友達に会わなくて残念でした。

Hint 13

often implies a reason, or just links two sentences together

Front 14

Offer a suggestion as to the correct kind of behavior. (slightly admonishing)

You should go to bed earlier.

Back 14

~ばいいのに

早く寝ればいいのに。

Front 15

moreover, besides

My head hurts, and moreover I have a small fever.

This apartment is pretty. Moreover the rent is cheap.

Back 15

それに

頭が痛くて、それに熱もちょっとあるんです。

このアパートはきれいだ。それに家賃が安い。

adding something of a similar nature to the previous clause
(rel. しかも)

Front 16

and what is more

The apartment is incredibly spacious. What is more, the rent is cheap.

Back 16

しかも

このアパートはものすごく広いです。しかも家賃が安いです。

adding something of a suprising nature to the previous clause
(それに could not be used here)

Front 17

is not easily done or takes time

I couldn't fall asleep easily.

Back 17

なかなか Vない

なかなか眠れませんでした。

Front 18

Embedding a question into a sentence.


I don't know when he will go to Japan.

I don't know if he is going to Japan or not.

Back 18

Qか分からない

いつ日本へ行くかわからない。

日本へ行くかどうか分かりません。

Front 19

and so, because of
cause and effect

It was pouring rain this morning. And so the bus was late.

It will rain today. So I think I will bring my umbrella.

Back 19

それで
だから

今朝はザーザー降りだった。それで/だからバスが遅れた。

今日は雨が降る。だからかさを持って行こう。(can't use それで)

don't use それで with
desire
suggestion
invitation
request

Front 20

there is/are a lot, many

There are a lot of people in Japan.

Back 20

多い

cannot modify nouns

日本には人が多い。

Front 21

to have interest [in]

I am interested in sports

Back 21

Sは somethingに 興味 がある

スポーツに興味がある。

Front 22

take a vacation
(not 休み)

Back 22

休暇を取る

Front 23

to like, to be fond of

I am fond of UBC campus.

Back 23

Sは ~が 気に入る

私はUBCのキャンパスがきに:
入りました
入っています
入りません

don't use っている for neg (like 知っている、知らない)

Front 24

to be just about to do something

(to have just done something)
(to be [just] in the middle of doing something - lit)

Back 24

ところ だ
use for intentional acts - you definitely know you will do it

Hint 24

ばかり = more of a perception
ところ = more literal, not what you felt

Front 25

it looks like ~

(only visual info)

It looks expensive.

Back 25

そうだ

~くなさそうだ - negative
そうな - modifies a noun

高そうだ。
高くなさそうだ。
高そうなぺんです。

Front 26

to be late [for]

Back 26

「に」遅れる

Front 27

a reply when you don't really want to give a reason

Back 27

ちょっとそこまで

Front 28

somehow [you are doing it]

Somehow I am doing my best.

Back 28

なんとか

なんとか頑張っています。

Front 29

it is about ~

Actually, its about the next final exam.

Back 29

のこと

実は、今度の期末試験のことなんですけど。

Front 30

to forget

I forgot (in the past).
I forgot (in this moment).
I am forgetting/not remembering the teachers name.

Back 30

忘れる

忘れた
忘れていた
覚えていない 「＝忘れている」
忘れている (cannot be used with 私)

Front 31

I am sorry but...

(formal/informal)

Back 31

悪いけど。。。

申し訳ありませんが

Front 32

Do you mind if...

Do you mind if I sit here?

Back 32

~もかまいませんか

ここに座ってもかまいませんか。

Front 33

Would you permit me to do...?

Would you please let me take the exam one day earlier?

Back 33

Causativeて+いただけないでしょうか

前の日に試験を受けさせていただけないでしょうか。

Front 34

if that's the case

I'm really cold.
If that's the case lets go eat ramen.

Back 34

そういうことなら

とても寒いんです。

そういうことならラーメンを食べに行こう。

Front 35

Could you bring it over here (from him) for me?

Back 35

もらってきてくれない？

Front 36

Format for asking for a favour.

Opening: Is now a good time?
Actually...blah...reason. And so...

Back 36

実は。。。んです。それで。。。

Front 37

I would appreciate if you could help me...

...make japanese flashcards (for me).

Back 37

~てもらえると助かる

助かる (vi.t)ー has connotation of being greatful for being helped

日本語のフラッシュカードを筑ってもらえると助かる。

Front 38

May I receive your favour of V...ing

Back 38

Vてもらってもいい

もらってもよろしい

Front 39

things like, etc

Back 39

なんて
などと

Front 40

older by one year (sibling)
younger by 3 years (sibiling)

My brother is four years older than me.

Back 40

一つ上
三つ下

兄は僕より四つ上です。

Front 41

famous for ~

a town famous for beer

That town is famous for its beer.

Back 41

~で有名だ

ビールで有名な町

その町はビールで有名です。

note: If you use an adj do
adjことで有名
(きれいなことで有名)
(美しいことで有名)

Front 42

The third largest city

Back 42

三番目に大きい町

Front 43

not particularly

Swahili is not particularly interesting.

Back 43

別に。。。ない

Swahiliは別に面白くない。

Front 44

What is his name?

(lit. What is he called?)

Back 44

何ていう人

Front 45

to decide on

I will have sukiyaki.

Back 45

~にする

私は、すきやきにします。

Front 46

to give

very formal, from a superior to an inferior

Back 46

与える

Front 47

What should I do?

(two forms)

Back 47

どうしたらいいでしょうか

どうすればいいでしょうか

Front 48

indirectly state opinion, suggest opinion

I have to come think that the level is too high.

Back 48

ように思う

私はレベルが高すぎるように思うんです。

Front 49

written form of ちゃんと

Back 49

きちんと

Front 50

give softer opinion with 方がいい

もっと勉強したほうがいい

Back 50

Ｖplain ほうがいい

もっと勉強するほうがいい

Front 51

one cannot do for social/moral reasons

We can't speak Japanese at an American party.

Even though I am busy, I have no choice but to sleep.

Back 51

～わけにはいかない

普通のアメリカノパーティーで日本語を話すわけにはいきません。

忙しくても寝ないわけには行きません。

goes with そうかと言って
dictionary form - cannot do for moral/social reasons
neg form - is affirmative, cannot help but do

Front 52

if this state continues

Back 52

この調子だと

Front 53

that's what you say but..

qualifies preceding statement

Japanese grammar is hard.
Yes but we have to study it.
(lit. we are obligated to study it)

Back 53

そうかと言って

日本語の文法が難しい。

そうかといって、勉強しないわけにはいかない。

Front 54

to try it and see

How about trying it out and seeing how it goes?

Back 54

様子を見ると

様子を見たらどうですか。

Front 55

after doing V

After consulting with my parents, I will reply.

Back 55

Ｖた上で

両親と相談した上でお返事します。

polite form, verb is always something important

Front 56

after that

Yesterday I went shopping. After that I went to my friend's party.

Back 56

それから

emphasizes that an event follows another event

きのうは買物に行きました。それから友達のパーテイーへ行った。

そして can be used instead of それから

Front 57

and (generic)

Yesterday I went to a Japanese restaurant and ate sushi.

Back 57

そして

きのうは、日本料理室へ行った。そしておすしを食べた。

*それから cannot be used here instead of そして

Front 58

because of that

It was snowing. The flight was delayed because of that.

Back 58

それで

presents a reason or a cause

雪が降りました。それで、飛行機が遅れたんです。

Front 59

must not do

You must not be late for class.

Back 59

いけない

クラスに遅れるといけない。

Front 60

If I am not mistaken...

If I am not mistaken, the population of Japan is 120,000,000.

Back 60

たしか

日本の人口は、たしか一億二千万ぐらいでしよう。

Front 61

Certainly...

Certainly I am the one who was wrong.

Back 61

たしかに

たしかに、私が悪かったです。

Front 62

to notice

I wasn't aware of my mistake.

Back 62

~に気がつく

間違いに気がつきませんでした。

Front 63

indicating someone has gone to a great deal of trouble

Please try not to forget kanji, which you have spent considerable time and energy to learn.

Back 63

せっかく

せっかく習った漢字は忘れないようにしましょう。