2012 Ss Latin American People

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Agustin I of Mexico (Iturbide)

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1783-1824; Mexican army general who ended Mexican War of Independence; designer of first Mexican flag

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Salavador Allende

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1908-1973; first democratically elected Marxist president of a Latin American country (Chile).

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Inca Manco

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(1516-1544) one of Incas of Vilcabamba, gathered army of 200,000 Inca warriors to march on Cuzco in 1536

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Montezuma I

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(c. 1398- 1469) fifth Aztec emperor; consolidated and expanded empire to make Tenochtitlan dominant third of Aztec Triple Alliance

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Napoleon Bonaparte

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(1769-1821) Emperor of France 1804-1815; known for Napoleonic Wars which sought to conquer much of Europe; defeated by British at Battle of Waterloo

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Octavio Paz

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(1914-1998) Mexican poet, writer, and diplomat awarded Nobel Prize for Literature in 1990

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Eva Peron

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(1919-1952) second wife of Juan Peron; first lady of Argentina who supported women's sufferage, labor rights, and working class citizens

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Gen. Auguato Pinochet

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(1915-2006) led coup d'etat that overthrew Allende's elected socialist government in 1973; in 2004, charged with more than 300 criminal chrages including tax evasion, human rights violations, and embezzlement for crimes committed durning his reign

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Plinio Salgado

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(1895-1975) Brazilian journalist, writer, politician, and theologian who founded Brazilian Intergralist Action Party inspired by Italian Fascist movement

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Jose Vasconcelos

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(1882-1959) Mexican writer, politician, and philospher who had influenced development of modern Mexico; father of indigenismo philosophy

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Jose Joaquim da Silva Xavier

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The leader of the independence movement in Brazil, ____, was nicknamed Tiradentes - tooth-puller.

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Michelle Bachelet

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1951-present; socialist Presient of Chile 2006-2010

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Jorge Borges

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1899-1986; Argentine writer and poet that paved the way for Spanish American novelists

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Fidel Castro

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1926- present; former Prime Minister of Cuba; primary leader of Cuban Revolution who changed Cuba into a socialist republic

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Christopher Columbus

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1451-1506; Italian explorer, navigator who led the way for Eupropean colonization of the New World

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Ruben Dario

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1867-1916; Nicaraguanwriter and poet known for beginning Spanish-American movement of modernismo

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Ferdinand V of Aragon

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152-1516; King of Aragon 1479-1516 as Ferdinand II, was force behind Spanish Inquisition; King of Castile 1474-1514 as Ferdinand V; sponsor of Columbus's voyage to Americas

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Carlos Fuentes

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1928- present; most widely known Mexican writer in Spanish-speaking world, many works translated to English and other languages

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General Pablo Gonzalez Garza

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(1879-1950) Mexican general during Mexican revolution; organized assassination of Zapata

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Adolofo de la Huerta

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(1850-1916) 38th interim President of Mexico

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Nestor Kirchner

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(1950-2010) President of Argentina 2003-2007

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Jose Marti

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Cuban poet,journalist, professor, and revolutionary philosopher referred to as "Apostle of Cuban Independence"; key person in Cuban War for Independence

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Montezuma II

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(1466-1520) ninth ruler of Tenochtitlan; killed during early stages of Spanish conquest of Mexico when Cortes fought to escape from Tenochtitlan

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Pablo Neruda

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(1904-1973) pen name of Chilean politician and poet Neftali Ricardo Reyes Basoalto; 1971 Nobel Prize winner in Literature

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Emperor Pedro I of Brazil

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(1798-1834) founder and first ruler of Empire of Brazil

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Gen. Juan Domingo Peron

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(1895-1974) Argentine politician and military officer elected 3 times as President; governent known for widespread social investments-hospitals, schools, eliminating poverty, ect.; political movement known as peronismo, now the Justicialist Party

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Francisco Pizarro

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(1471 or 1476-1541) Spanish conquistador, conquered Incan Empire; founded Lima

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Antonio Lopez de Santa Anna

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(1794-1876) Mexican general, political leader, and president who fought against independence from Spain, then fought for it; President of Mexico over 22-year period

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Francisco 'Pancho' Villa

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leading Mexican Revolutionary general who commanded Division of the North; seized lands and robbed trains for distribution to the poor

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Lucas Alaman

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Mexican historian, scientist, and writer; co-founder of the Mexican Conservative Party

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Jacabo Arbenz

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former president and Defense Minister of Guatemala ousted in CIA led coup

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Fulgencio Batista

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leader of Cuba 1933-1944 and 1952-1959; overthrown by Cuban Revolution; US supported

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Alejo Carpientier

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Cuban musicologist and novelist who influenced Latin American literature

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Emperor Charles V

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ruler of Holy Roman Empire from 1519 and Spanish Emperor from 1516-1556

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Julio Cortazar

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Argentine writer known for founding Latin American Literary Boom

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Porfirio Diaz

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(1830-1915) President of Mexico from 1876-1911; referred to as a dictator; fell from power during Mexican Revolution

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Ferdinand VII of Spain

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(1784-1833) King of Spain two times; dispute over throne with Napoleon in 1808; was supported by people of Spain

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Alberto Fujimori

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(1938- ) President of Peru 1990-2000; convicted of murder, kidnapping, and bodily harm for role in 1900s Grupo Colina death squad

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Joao Goulart

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(1919-1976) President of Brazil 1961-1964; last left-wing president; overthrown by coup

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Isabella of Castile

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(1451-1504) Queen of Castile, married Ferdinand II of Aragon, helped unify Spain

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Batrolome de Las Casas

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(1484-1566) Spanish 16th century historian and Domonican Friar; first Bishop of Chiapas and "Protector of the Indians;" wrote accounts of mistreatment of indiginous peoples by colonizers

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Mariano Moreno

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(1778-1811) Argentine politician, attorney, journalist who had major role in Primera Junta, first national government began after May Revolution

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Alvaro Obregon

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(1880-1928) President of Mexico 1920-1924; first stable administration after Mexican Revolution

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Emperor Pedro II of Brazil

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(1825-1891) second and last ruler of Empire of Brazil, 1831-1889 (58 years)

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Phillip II, King of Spain

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(1527-1598) King of Spain, aka Phillip the Prudent who ruled one of world's largest empires

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Juan Manuel Rosas

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(1793-1877) dictator of Argentine Confederation 1829-1852

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Mario Vargas Llosa

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(1936- ) Peruvian-Spanish writer, journalist, politician and winner of Nobel Prize for Literature in 2010; large international following

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Hipolito Yrigoyen

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(1852-1933) two-time President of Argentina; known as "father the poor" for progressive social reforms; responsible for universal male sufferage in Argentina in 1912

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Arturo Alessandri

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(1868-1950) political dignitary who served two terms as President of Chile

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Miguel Asturias

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(1899-1974) Guatemalan peot, diplomat, novelist, Nobel Peace Prize winner who established Latin American contribution to world literature

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Simon Bolivar

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(1783-1830) military and political leader from Venezula who played an important role in Latin America independence struggle from Spain; regarded in Hispanic America as liberator, hero, and visionary

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Venustiano Carranza

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(1859-1920) leader of the Mexican Revolution; President of Mexico 1914-1920; current constitution drafted durning his administration

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Hugo Chavez

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(1954- ) current President of Venezula since 1999; administration focused on making socialist reforms under project known as Bolivarian Revolution

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Hernan Cortes

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(1485-1547) Spanish conquistador who led conquest of Mexico under King of Castile

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Gen. Eurico Dutra

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(1883-1974) President of Brazil 1946-1951

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Eduardo Frei

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(1911-1982) President of Chile 1964-1970; administration supported public housing, education, reforestation, and nationalized copper mines

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Gabriel Garcia Marquez

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(1927- ) Columbian writer, novelist, screenwriter known as Gabo; known for novels One Hundred Years of Solitute and Love in the Time of Choler; style called magical realism; winner of Nobel Prize for Literature, 1982

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Ernesto (Che) Guevara

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(1928-1967) Argentine author, Marxist revolutionary, guerrilla eader, physician, intellectual, military theorist; major player in Cuban Revolution; wrote best-selling memoir on South American motorcycle journey; executed in Bolivia after being captured by CIA-backed forces

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Benito Juarez

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(1806-1872) Five-time President of Mexico; first full-blooded indigenous national to serve as president; restored republic, resisted French occupation, and modernized the country

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(1750-1816) Venezuelan revolutionary known as "El Precursor;" pre-Bolivar idealist for independence

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Francisco de Miranda

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(1853-1895) Cuban poet, journalist, professor and revolutionary philosopher referred to as "apostle of Cuban Independence;" key person in Cuban War of Independence

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Jose Marti

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(1952- ) President of Columbia 2002-2010

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Alvaro Uribe

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and government official who (1948- ) was president of Mexico from 1988 to 1994, PRI party

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Carlos Salinas de Gortari

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President of Chile. He was the first president of Chile after democracy was restored in 1990 (after Pinochet)

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Patricio Aylwin

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Spanish Bishop, chaplain for Isabella I, counselor to the Catholic Monarchs, supervise Board of Trade, Leading member of the Council of the Indies, sponsored Magellan's voyage

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Juan Rodriguez de Fonseca

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Portuguese mariner
Discovered Brazil 1500

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Pedro Cabral

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leader of Haitian rebellion
controlled Hispaniola in 1801
1802 defeated by Napoleonic forces

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Toussaint Louverture

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Spanish conquistador Companion and later rival of Francisco Pizarro
Participated in the Spanish conquest of Peru
Credited as the first European discoverer of Chile.

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Diego de Almagro

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Spanish colonial administrator
led 1st great Spanish expedition in to New World

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Pedro Arias Davila (Pedrarias)

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Spanish conquistador
part of the issue of Thirteen of Fame
spotted Ecuador

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Bartolome Ruiz

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Leader in Argentinian War for Independence
Created Argentinian flag

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Manuel Belgrano

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Commander of the Chilean navy in the War of Independence (1818-1822)
Commander of Brazilian navy (1823-1825)

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Thomas Cochrane

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Venezuelan independence leader
one of Simón Bolívar's closest friends
"Grand Marshal of Ayacucho"

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Antonio Jose de Sucre

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Mexican Roman Catholic priest and revolutionary rebel leader
Led the Mexican War of Independence movement
assumed leadership after Miguel Hidalgo y Costilla executed

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Jose Maria Morelos

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President of Nicaragua 1937-1947 and 1950-1956
in reality dictator 1936 til death

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Anastasio Somomza Garcia

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President of Haiti 1957-1971(died)

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Francois Ducalier

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politician and soldier
military governor of Panama 1983-1989

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Manuel Noriega