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53 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define the muscles that stabilize joints to allow movement
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fixator
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List the hamstring muscle group
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biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimembranosus
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List the major muscles that are found dorsally on the human body.
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Latissmus dorsi, trapezius
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Difference between ligaments and tendons.
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Ligaments connect bones to bones. Tendons connect bones to muscle.
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Describe muscle anatomy and movement for the human digestive and circulatory systems.
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-Organs in digestive system lined with muscles that keep food moving downward and outward, contraction of muscles create peristalsis to allow blood flow
-Arteries/veins are lined with muscle tissue that helps them dilate to allow faster blood flow or contract to slow blood flow |
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Characteristics of a marathon runner's leg muscle cells
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enhanced # of mitochondria, which produces ATP
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Key structural elements of the myofibril inside a skeletal muscle
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Numerous myofybrils composed of actin and myosin; myofybrils are made up of many sarcomeres lined up end-to-end
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Function of skeletal muscles in the body
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shape and form, supports and protects organs, allows bodily movement and produces blood for body in bone marrow, store minerals
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Understand how your arm moves, both specific muscle action and specific muscles.
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biceps brachii-fixes elbow joint,
triceps brachii-extends the elbow joing |
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Specific head muscles and their movement
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-controls facial expressions and mastication (chewing)
-allow the head and neck to flex, extend, and move laterally -masseter muscle closes jaw -splenius and trapezius extend head and neck |
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During the fetal pig dissection, name the tissue at the back of your throat that covers the opening where food and air pass.
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epiglottis
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Name a specific neck muscle.
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sternocleidomastoid
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Name a specific facial/cranial muscle
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masseter (jaw muscle)
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Definition of kinesia
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movement
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Bones protecting the brain
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cranial bones-frontal, parietal, temporal
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Numbers of bones in axial and appendicular skeletons
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206 total;
Axial - 80, Appendicular - 126 |
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Key functions of the skeletal system and bones specifically
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maintain shape and form, support and protect, bodily movement, produces blood, store minerals
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Anatomy of the thoracic cavity and purpose
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-considerably larger and stronger than cervical
--facets:articulating surfaces/vertebrocostal joints (where vertebrae and ribs meet) |
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Material found in hollow long bones
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yellow bone marrow, spongy bone
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Functions of tendons and ligametns
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wrap around joints and hold them together
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Butterfly shaped bone
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sphenoid
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Facial bone anatomy
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-2 nasal
-2 maxillae -2 zygomatic -mandible -2 lacrimal -2 palantine -2 inferior nasal conchae -vomer |
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Vertebral regions and where they connect within the skeleton
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-7 cervical
-12 thoracic -5 lumbar -1 sacrum |
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Bones of the wrist and hand
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carpals, metacarpals, phalanges
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Names and function of sesamoid bones
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-develop in certain tendons where there's considerable friction
-palms, soles of feet -vary in # from person to person -may not be fully ossified -usually very small -protect tendons from wear and tear and improve mechanical advantage at joints |
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Bones of the axial skeleton
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Along vertical axis
-skull -mandible -sternum -ribs -vertebral column -sacrum |
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Type and range of motion of joints
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Types: ball-and socket, pivot, condyloid, gliding, hinge, saddle
Examples: -shoulder: ball-and-socket -elbow:hinge -wrist:condyloid -hip: ball-and-socket -ankle: hinge |
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Name and location of cranial sutures
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-Coronal suture: between frontal and parietal
-Lambdoidal suture: between parietal and occipital -Saggital suture: between 2 parietal bones |
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Hunchback of Notre Dame vertebral condition
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kyphosis
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Bones of the hard palate
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maxillary and palantine bones
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Bone composition: pectoral versus pelvis girdles
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PECTORAL
-attack bones of upper limbs to axial skeleton -make up clavicle (anterior) and scapula (posterior) PELVIC -consists of 2 coxal bones -hip bones unite anteriorly at a joint called pubic symphosis |
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Bones of the hard palate
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Maxillary and palantine bones
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Bone articulations
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joints
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Types of bones found in the human body
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long, short, sesamoid, irregular, flat
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Bone that anchors the tongue
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hyoid bone
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Study of bone
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osteology
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names of cervical vertebrae (C1 & C2)
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C1- Atlas, C2- Axis
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Terminology for the tailbone
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coccyx
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What did you stimulate when you hit your funny bone?
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ulnar nerve
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Bones of the lower leg and ankle
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femur, patella, tibia (shin), fibula, talus (ankle), calcaneus (heel), hallux (big toe)
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Structures found near ventral surface of prefrontal cortex
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olfactory
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Prevention method inhibiting damaging chemicals from entering cerebrospinal fluid
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cerebral spinal fluid between meninges, blood/brain barrier, skull
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Muscle type constricting veins when blood pressure drops suddenly
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smooth muscle
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# of pairs of spinal nerves
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31 pairs
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Age group most likely to suffer a cerebrovascular accident (stroke)
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2/3% 65 years and older
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Neuron structures, myelin and exposed nodes
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nodes of ranvier
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Network of axon fibers connecting left and right hemispheres of the brain
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corpus callosum
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Location of cochlea
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inner ear; near temporal bone
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Electronic stimulus released when threshold reached
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action potential
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Reflex arc and the effector
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receive signal, send to spine or parietal lobe into frontal, then sent to body
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Grey matter versus white matter
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brain- grey outside and white inside
spinal cord- vice versa |
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Types of broken bones
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open, closed, greenstick (common in children), impacted, compoound, simple
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Muscle action comparison (definitional)
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abductor, adductor
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