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12 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Release of Neurotransmitter |
Neurotransmitter is imported into thevesicle via a H+ linked antiporter. In the active zone, the synaptotagmin,Snap25, syntaxin and synaptobrevin clamp onto machinery, inducing a conformationalchange inducing fusiogenesis where snap25 and syntaxin form the SNARE complex. Howeverexocytosis of the NT, wont happen until there is an influx of calcium into thepresynaptic cleft. The electrical pulse opens the voltage gated ion channel andcalcium enters. The binding of synaptotagmin requires calcium so withoutcalcium the fusion will halt. |
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NT uptake |
The Na+ neurotransmitter symport protein allows the reuptake to NT. The vesicle forms a clathrin coat and dynamin aids in the pinching off. Clathrin coat is lost and the cycle begins again. |
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the next neuron or muscle cell |
NT binds to receptor allowing for a conformational change in the ligand-gated ion channel, allowing sodium to flow through. Na+ through the voltage gated ion channel. Then an unknown mechanism involving the t tubule and a voltge gated ion channel, causes calcium tot be released from the ER. |
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Acetyl Choline Receptor |
5 subunits (2 alpha, Beta, sigmagamare. NT can bind between the alpha and delta or alpha and gamma. |
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ECM |
Encompasses cells and consists of polysaccharides and proteins which have been secreted by the cells. |
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Epithelial Tissue |
Cells of the epithelial tissue begin with columnar cells at the basal lamina (part of BM). The cells which form this sheet dont divide, unstead they undergo apoptosis and are replaced by proginator cells. The sheet invaginates and on its surface has microvili. |
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Tight Junction |
are the closely associated areas of two cells whose membranes join together forming a virtually impermeable barrier to fluid. Occludins (polytypic), claudin (polytypic), JAM (single spanning/homotypic). etc span the membrane and interact with the other transmembrane proteins in the neigbouring cell membrane. Anthranium hydroxide.
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Desomosome |
is a cell structure specialized for cell-to-celladhesion. A type of junctional complex, they are localized spot-like adhesions randomly arranged on the lateral sides of plasma membranes. Desmosomes help to resist shearing forces and are found in simpleand stratified squamous epithelium. Desmosomes are molecular complexes of cell adhesion proteins and linking proteins that attach the cell surface adhesion proteins to intracellular keratin cytoskeletal filaments. |
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Microvilli |
Tiny structures which are supported by parallel rods of actin filaments which are held together by linking proteins such as villin, epsn. |
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Adherens Junction |
Trasnmemnbrane proteins involved in cell-to-cell adhesion. There are two forms of interaction between proteins; homophillic (eg. cadherins where the same transmembrane is used from ach cell. or heterophilic (integrins and fibronectin, or P selectins and glycoprotein) |
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Cadherin |
Calcium plays a roll in maintaining the links between the cadherins of each membrane. In some cancers this is mutated and can lead to cancers which dont stick togetehr making is easier for them to be spread. This can be seen in an experiment compairng calciumw ith no cadherin, calcium with trasngeen cadherin and no calcium but with the trasngene |
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E-Cadherin |
Can communicate the position on the cell as the cytoplasmic tails interact with proteins (Catenins e.g. alpha catenin) which interacts with cytoskeletal elements |
