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47 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Empirical Methods |
Approaches to inquiry that are ties to actual measurements and observation |
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Ethics |
Professional guidelines that offer researchers a template for making decisions that protect research participants from potential harm and that help steer scientists away from conflicts of interest or other situations that might compromise the integrity of their research. |
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Hypotheses |
A logical idea that can be tested or proven wrong |
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Systematic observation |
The careful observation of the natural world with the aim of better understanding it. Observations provide the basic data that allow scientists to track, tall, or otherwise organize info about the natural world |
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Theories |
Groups of closely related phenomena or observations |
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Behaviorism |
The study of behavior |
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Cognitive Psychology |
Thestudy of mental processes |
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Consciousness |
Awareness of ourselves and of our environment |
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Empiricism |
Thebelief that knowledge comes from experience
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Eugenics |
The practice of selective breeding to promote desired traits |
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FlashbulbMemory |
Ahighly detailed and vivid memory of an emotionally significant event |
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Functionalism |
Aschool of American Psychology that focused on the utility of consciousness |
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Gestalt Psychology |
An Attempt to study the unity of experience |
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IndividualDifferences |
Way in which people differ in terms of their behavior, emotion, cognition, and development |
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Introspection |
A method of focusing on internal processes |
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Neural impulse |
An electro-chemical signal that enables neurons to communicate |
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Practitioner-Scholar Model |
Amodel of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes clinicalpractice |
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Psychophysics |
Study of the relationships between physical stimuli and the perception of those stimuli |
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Realism |
A point of view that emphasizes the importance of senses in providing knowledge of the external world |
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Scientist - Practitioner model |
Amodel of training of professional psychologists that emphasizes the developmentof both research and clinical skills. |
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Structuralism |
A school of American psychology that sought to describe the elements of conscious experience |
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Tip-of-the-tonguephenomenon |
The inability to pull a word from memory even though there is the sensation that that word is available |
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BinocularAdvantage |
Benefits from having two eyes as opposed to a single eye |
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Cones |
- Encodes fine visual details + colour vision - Light environments - Three kinds --S(blue), M(green), L(red) |
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Contrast |
Relativedifference in the amount of light coming from two nearby locations |
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Contrast Gain |
Process where the sensitivity of you visual system can be tuned to be most sensitive to the levels of contrast that are most prevalent in the environment |
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Dark adaptation |
Process that allows you to become sensitive to very small levels of light, so that you can see in low light. |
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Lateral inhibition |
Asignal produced by a neuron aimed at suppressing the response of nearby neurons |
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Opponent Process theory |
- Four basic colours -- Two pairs --- RED/GREEN --- BLUE/YELLOW ---Then there's black/white contrast - Proposes that colours are encoded in terms of opponency (difference) |
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Photoactivation |
A photochemical reaction that occurs when light hits photoreceptors, producing a neural signal |
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Primary Visual Cortex (V1) |
- Located in Occipital Cortex (at back of head) - Basic visual information processing -- Detection, thickness, and orientation of simple lines, color, and small-scale motion |
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Rods |
- Photoreceptors that are very sensitive to light - Night vision |
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Synesthesia |
-Blending of two or more experiences - Automatic activation of a secondary/ indirect sensory experience due to certain aspects of the primary/direct sensory stimulation |
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TrichromacyTheory |
Proposesthat all of your colour perception is fundamentally based on the combination ofthree different colour signals |
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Vestibulo-ocularreflex |
- Coordination of motion with visual - Allows you to maintain gaze while you move |
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Whatpathway |
Pathwayof neural processing that deals with ability to recognize your surroundings |
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Where-and-How pathway |
Pathway of neural processing that deals with where things are in the world and how to interact with them (stepping around a block) |
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Dichotic listening |
- Two messages presented to different ears - Experiment |
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Divided attention |
ability to flexibly allocate attentional resources between two or more concurrent tasks
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Inattentional Blindness |
Failure to notice a fully visible object when attention is devoted to something else |
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Limited Capacity |
The notion that humans have limited mental resources that can be used at a given time
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Selective attention |
ability to select certain stimuli to process while ignoring others
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Shadowing |
-Task - Victim is asked to repeat an auditory message as it is being presented |
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Subliminal Perception |
Ability to process info for meaning when individual is not consciously aware of that information
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Dichotic Listening |
a task in which different audio streams are presented to each ear
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Inattentional Deafness |
Failure to notice an unexpected sounds or voice when attention is devoted to other aspects of a scene
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Selective Listening |
Method for studying selective attention in which people focus attention on one auditory stream of info while deliberately ignoring other auditory info.
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