2009 Freshmen Academy Biology Ch 7

Front 1

Cell

Back 1

Basic unit of structure and organization of all living organisms.

Front 2

Cell Theory

Back 2

States that 1) organisms are made of one or more cells; 2) cells are the basic unit of life; 3) all cells come only from other cells.

Front 3

Eukaryotic Cell

Back 3

Unicellular organism with membrane bound nucleus and organelles; generally larger and more complex than a prokaryotic cell.

Front 4

Nucleus

Back 4

In eukaryotic cells, the central membrane-bound organelle that manages cellular functions and contains DNA.

Front 5

Organelle

Back 5

Specialized internal cell structure that carries out specific cell functions such as protein synthesis and energy transformation.

Front 6

Plasma membrane

Back 6

flexible, selectively permeable boundary that helps control what enters and leaves the cell.

Front 7

Prokaryotic Cell

Back 7

Microscopic, unicellular organism without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles.

Front 8

Fluid Mosaic Model

Back 8

A plasma membrane with components constantly in motion, sliding past one another within the lipid bilayer.

Front 9

Phospholipid Bilayer

Back 9

Plasma membrane layers composed of phospholipid molecules arranged with polar heads facing the outside and nonpolar tails facing the inside.

Front 10

Selective Permeability

Back 10

Property of the plasma membrane that allows it to control movement of substances into or out of the cell.

Front 11

Transport Protein

Back 11

Protein that moves substances or wastes through the plasma membrane

Front 12

Cell Wall

Back 12

In plants, the rigid barrier that surrounds the outside of the plasma membrane, is made of cellulose, and provides support and protection to the cell.

Front 13

Centriole

Back 13

Organelle that plays a role in cell division and is made of microtubules.

Front 14

Chloroplast

Back 14

Double-membrane organelle that captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy through photosynthesis.

Front 15

Cilium

Back 15

Short, hairlike projection that functions in cell movement.

Front 16

Cytoplasm

Back 16

Semifluid material inside the cell's plasma membrane.

Front 17

Cytoskeleton

Back 17

Supporting network of protein fibers that provide a framework for the cell within the cytoplasm.

Front 18

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Back 18

Highly folded membrane system in eukaryotic cells that is the site for protein and lipid synthesis.

Front 19

Flagellum

Back 19

Long, tail-like projection with a whiplike motion that helps a cell move through a watery environment.

Front 20

Golgi Apparatus

Back 20

Flattened stack of tubular membranes that modifies, sorts, and packages proteins into vesicles and transports them to other organelles or out of the cell.

Front 21

Lysosome

Back 21

Vesicle that uses enzymes to digest excess or worn-out cellular substances.

Front 22

Mitochondrion

Back 22

Membrane-bound organelle that converts fuel into energy that is available to the rest of the cell.

Front 23

Nucleous

Back 23

The site of ribosome production within the nucleus of eukaryotic cell.

Front 24

Ribosome

Back 24

Simple cell organelle that helps manufacture proteins.

Front 25

Vacuole

Back 25

Membrane bound vesicle for temporary storage of materials such as food, enzymes, and wastes.

Front 26

Active Transport

Back 26

Energy-requiring process by which substances move across the plasma membrane against a concentration gradient.

Front 27

Diffusion

Back 27

Net movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.

Front 28

Dynamic Equilibrium

Back 28

Condition of continuous, random movement of particles but no overall change in concentration of materials.

Front 29

Endocytosis

Back 29

Energy-requiring process by which large substances from the outside environment can enter a cell.

Front 30

Exocytosis

Back 30

Energy-requiring process by which a cell expels waste and secretes substances at the plasma membrane.

Front 31

Facilitated Diffusion

Back 31

Passive transport of ions and small molecules across the plasma membrane by transport proteins.

Front 32

Hypertonic Solution

Back 32

A solution that has a higher concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to leave the cell by osmosis.

Front 33

Hypotonic Solution

Back 33

A solution that has a lower concentration of solute outside than inside the cell, causing water to flow into the cell by osmosis.

Front 34

Isotonic Solution

Back 34

A solution with the same concentration of water and solutes as inside a cell, resulting in the cell retaining its normal shape because there is no net movement of water.

Front 35

Osmosis

Back 35

Diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.