2007 Chapter 2 Flashcards

Front 1

Powhatan

Back 1

~leader of Pamunkey people, created Indian confederacy of tribes

Front 2

Jamestown

Back 2

~Site in Virginia founded by Virginia Company, where early settlers first lived, though many died of Malaria that raged due to the swampy surroundings

Front 3

Chesapeake

Back 3

~Bay settled by English, most settlers starved because they were unprepared for the conditions and work required to survive; tobacco became main crop and need for more land to plant on led to tension between settlers and local N. Am’s

Front 4

Captain John Smith

Back 4

~Early settler in Chesapeake, commanded order of settlers for a short period but was forced to return to England after being injured by accidental powder explosion

Front 5

Pocahontas

Back 5

~Powahatan’s favorite child who married John Rolf

Front 6

John Rolfe

Back 6

~English settler determined to find a crop for export to England (Tobacco), married Pocahontas

Front 7

mercantilism

Back 7

~System where the gov. controls and oversees all industry and commerce in hopes of achieving a healthy import/ export balance and economic stability

Front 8

Virginia Company

Back 8

~Founded Jamestown, hoped to use American resources for English profit, first attempts failed, resulting in immigrant death and a loss of profit

Front 9

Headright system

Back 9

~System of the Virginia Company that granted plots of land to any willing to immigrate to N. America

Front 10

House of Burgesses

Back 10

~Representative assembly founded in 1619 that created laws/ governed the colonies after martial law was abolished

Front 11

Indentured servants

Back 11

~Servants who bound themselves to work for 7 years after immigrating to N. America, were promised land and a prosperous life after their term ended, but only 60% lived out their 7 years, due to harsh working conditions: malnutrition, overwork, abuse, and disease

Front 12

Proprietary colonies

Back 12

~Colonies given to wealthy subjects loyal to English Monarchs, they assumed authority over law, religion, and economy in their colony

Front 13

Royal colonies

Back 13

~Colonies governed by royal representatives, despised proprietary colonies like Maryland for taking land they wanted and for allowing religious freedom (Catholics)

Front 14

Calverts

Back 14

~Family that was granted Maryland by King, appointed governor and assumed a largely representative gov., allowed religious freedom because the family was Catholic

Front 15

Navigation Acts

Back 15

~Instituted by English gov. under Oliver Cromwell, 3 acts instituted English monopoly on N. Am products, required all exports be shipped through English ports, and introduced duties on all exports and officials to enforce the acts in N. Am

Front 16

Bacon’s Rebellion

Back 16

~Bacon fought for rights of poorer planters after being shunned by wealthy planters, resulted in destruction of many plantations and eventually the burning of Jamestown

Front 17

Coode’s Rebellion

Back 17

~Struggle of Coode and planters in Maryland to gain power in the gov., their army captured the governor, went to English rulers to gain sympathy and had the Calvert’s charter revoked; more representative gov. formed in their place

Front 18

Middle passage

Back 18

~Route from Africa to the Americas traveled by millions of African slaves, most of which died at sea due to unlivable conditions

Front 19

gentry

Back 19

~Wealthy English merchants who came to America to establish their family’s investment with large plantations and many slaves

Front 20

James Oglethorpe

Back 20

~Founder of Georgia, wanted a place for the poor/debtors, promised land and jobs in his ideal Utopian society; controlled Georgia for 21 years before it returned to royal control

Front 21

Mission communities

Back 21

~Created by Spanish where N. Am’s lived with Franciscan’s and were introduced to colonial culture and Christianity; failed when N. Am’s revolted against their intended purpose of serving spanish masters

Front 22

1680 Pueblo Revolt

Back 22

~N. Am’s revolted in N. Mexico against Spanish control , killing 400 and burning down numerous homes and churches