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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Living things are divided into two types: _______ & _______. |
Prokaryotes; Eukaryotes |
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True or False? Prokaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus. |
True. |
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[Prokaryotic cells] Discuss the... Cell Wall |
It surrounds the cell; protects the cells from bursting. Made from peptidoglycan (which is a mixture of carbohydrate and amino acids) |
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[Prokaryotic cells] Discuss the... Plasma membrane |
It controls the movement of materials in and out of the cell. |
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[Prokaryotic cells] Discuss the... Cytoplasm |
Contains all the enzymes for the chemical reactions of the cell; contains the genetic material. |
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[Prokaryotic cells] Discuss the... Chromosome |
Found in a region of the cytoplasm called the 'nucleoid'; DNA is not surrounded by a nuclear envelope; not associated with proteins (naked); Bacteria contains additional small circles of DNA called 'plasmids' which replicate independently and can pass from one cell to another. |
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[Prokaryotic cells] Discuss the... Ribosomes |
Found in all prokaryotic cells; synthesise proteins; size- 70s; smaller than in Eukaryotes. |
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[Prokaryotic cells] Discuss the... Flagellum |
Present in some Prokaryotic cells; projects from the cell wall; enables the cell to move. |
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[Prokaryotic cells] Discuss the... Pili (sing. Pilus) |
Found on the cell wall; connect to other bacterial cells, drawing them together so that genetic material can be exchanged between them. |
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Prokaryotic cells divide by ______ ______. |
binary fission
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True or False? Eukaryotic cells do not contain a nucleus. |
False. |
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Eukaryotic cells contain structures called _______ each of which form a 'compartment' in which specific ______ take place. |
organelles; functions |
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The largest structure in the Eukaryotic cell is the _______ which contain the cell's _____________. |
nucleus; chromosomes |
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Chromosomes are composed of _____ combined with _______ protein forming a material known as chromatin. |
DNA; histone |
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What is the name of the double-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus? |
The Nuclear envelope/membrane. |
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The small gaps in the nuclear envelope are called _____. They are visible and it is through these, that material that passes between the nucleus and the rest of the cell. |
The nuclear pores. |
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Where is the site of ribosome synthesis? |
The nucleolus. |
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What does 'ER' stand for? |
Endoplasmic Reticulum. |
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Where is the site of protein synthesis? |
The Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (rER); ribosomes |
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After proteins are synthesised, they can be transported in _______ to other parts of the cell. |
vesicles |
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The ER that has no ribosomes is called ___________. |
the Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (sER). |
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What can be a function of the sER? |
In liver cells: Where toxins are broken down.
In the ovaries: The site of Estrogen production. Produces the phospholipids for the construction of lipids and membranes in the cell. |
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What is the Golgi Apparatus composed of and what is its function? |
Stacks of flattened, folded membranes.
Processes proteins made in the rER by collecting, packaging, modifying and then releasing them into vesicles for transport to various parts of the cell. |
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A Mitochondrion is surrounded by a _______ membrane. |
double |
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Mitochondria are the site of _______ __________. |
aerobic respiration |
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The inner membrane of the mitochondria is folded to form ______ which increases the surface area to for the production of ____. |
cristae; ATP |
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State an example of a type of a cell which requires numerous mitochondria. |
Muscle cells (Because they respire rapidly)
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Lysosomes: Are made in the _____ ________. Contain ________ enzymes for breaking down the components of cells. Are important in ____ death. Break down _____ organelles. Digest ________ in white blood cells that have been engulfed by phagocytosis. |
Golgi apparatus; hydrolytic; cell; old; bacteria |
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Ribosomes may be _____ in the cytoplasm or attached to the ____. |
free; rER |
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True or False? Ribosomes do not have a membrane around them. |
True. |
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Name 3 structures that plant cells contain that animal cells do not. |
•Cell wall •A large central Vacuole •Chloroplast |
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Chloroplast is the site of __________________. |
photosynthesis
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Chlorplasts have a ________ membrane.: A. single B. double C. triple |
B |
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Both mitochondria and Chloroplasts have their own ____ and _________ and are able to ________ independently of the cell. |
DNA; ribosomes; reproduce |
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What does the large central Vacuole contain? |
Water and Salts.
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The cell wall is composed of _______ and other carbohydrates such as ______ and ______, giving the plant cells more support and a more rigid structure than _____ cells. |
cellulose; pectin; lignin; animal |
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Compare animal and plant cells. |
•Cell walls: Not present in A cells; present in P cells.
•Vacuole: Small vacuoles sometimes present in A cells; large central vacuole present in P cells. •Chloroplasts: present in P cells; not in A cells. •A cells store glycogen; P cells store starch. •Centrioles: absent in P cells; present in A cells. •Cholesterol in plasma membrane: in A cells; not in P cells. |
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Compare Eukaryotic and Prokaryotic cells. |
•Nucleus: Not present in P cells; present in E cells. •Mitochondria:: Usually present in E cells; never present in P cells. •Chloroplasts: Present in plant E cells; never in P cells. •ER: Usually present in E cells; never in P cells •Ribosomes: 80s in E cells; 70s in P cells. •Cell walls: Present in plant E cells; always present in P cells. •Flagella: Sometimes present in E cells; sometimes present in P cells. |
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Chloroplasts are usually found in cells exposed to light in order to catch the energy from sunlight for __________. |
photosynthesis |
